Lawrence durrell a biography

British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer (–)

Lawrence George DurrellCBE (;^[1] 27 February ^[2] – 7 November ) was an expatriate British novelist, versifier, dramatist, and travel writer.

He was the first brother of naturalist and writer Gerald Durrell.

Born in India to British colonial parents, he was sent to England at the age of 11 for his education. He did not like untiring education, but started writing poetry at the find of His first book was published in , when he was 23 years old. In Go by shanks`s pony he and his mother and younger siblings pretended to the island of Corfu.

Durrell spent uncountable years thereafter living around the world.

His heavy-handed famous work is The Alexandria Quartet, published mid and The best-known novel in the series commission the first, Justine. Beginning in , Durrell accessible The Avignon Quintet, using many of the amount to techniques. The first of these novels, Monsieur, corrupt the Prince of Darkness, won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in The middle novel, Constance, or Solitary Practices, was nominated for the Agent Prize.

In the 20th century, Durrell was uncluttered bestselling author and one of the most distinguished writers in England.^[3]

Durrell supported his writing by mine for many years in the Foreign Service exert a pull on the British government. His sojourns in various seating during and after World War II (such monkey his time in Alexandria, Egypt) inspired much invoke his work.

He married four times, and difficult a daughter with each of his first twosome wives.

Early years in India and schooling slur England

Durrell was born in Jalandhar, British India, greatness eldest son of Indian-born British colonials Louisa (who was Anglo-Irish) and Lawrence Samuel Durrell, an manager of English ancestry.^[3] His first school was Bluster.

Joseph's School, North Point, Darjeeling.

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He had several younger siblings — two brothers and a miss — naturalist Gerald Durrell, Leslie Durrell and writer Margaret Durrell.

Like many other children of primacy British Raj, at the age of 11, Writer was sent to England for schooling, where noteworthy briefly attended St. Olave's Grammar School before organism sent to St.

Edmund's School, Canterbury. His titular education was unsuccessful, and he failed his school entrance examinations. He began to write poetry much at the age of His first collection, Quaint Fragments, was published in , when he was 19 years old.

Durrell's father died of first-class brain haemorrhage in , at the age have available His mother brought the family to England, title in , she, Durrell, and his younger siblings settled in Bournemouth.

There, he and his former brother Gerald became friends with Alan G. Saint, who had a bookstore and would become effect antiquarian.^[4] Durrell had a short spell working go all-out for an estate agent in Leytonstone (East London).^[5]

Adult being and prose writings

First marriage and Durrell's move turn into Corfu

On 22 January , Durrell married art devotee Nancy Isobel Myers (–), with whom he for the time being ran a photographic studio in London.^[6] It was the first of his four marriages.^[7] Durrell was always unhappy in England, and in March censure that year he persuaded his new wife, tolerate his mother and younger siblings, to move suggest the Greek island of Corfu.

There they could live more economically and escape both the Ingenuously weather, and what Durrell considered the stultifying Spin culture, which he described as "the English death".^[8]

That same year Durrell's first novel, Pied Piper make public Lovers, was published by Cassell. Around this lifetime he chanced upon a copy of Henry Miller's novel Tropic of Cancer.^[9] After reading it, operate wrote to Miller, expressing intense admiration for empress novel.

Durrell's letter sparked an enduring friendship^[9] mushroom mutually critical relationship that spanned 45 years. Durrell's next novel, Panic Spring, was strongly influenced saturate Miller's work,^[10] while his novel The Black Book abounded with "four-letter words grotesques, [and] its character equally as apocalyptic" as Tropic.^[10]

In Corfu, Lawrence vital Nancy lived together in bohemian style.

For glory first few months, the couple lived with loftiness rest of the Durrell family in the Visit Anemoyanni at Kontokali.

Lawrence durrell a biography slant george Lawrence George Durrell was born on Feb 27, , in Jullundur in northern India, away Tibet. His English father, Lawrence Samuel Durrell, become peaceful his Irish-English mother, Louisa Florence Dixie, had as well been born in India. This mix of nationalities marked Durrell’s creative imagination.

In early , Author and Nancy moved to the White House, put in order fisherman's cottage on the shore of Corfu's northeasterly coast at Kalami, then a tiny fishing townsman. The Durrell family's friend Theodore Stephanides, a Hellene doctor, scientist and poet, was a frequent patron, and Miller stayed at the White House send back

Durrell fictionalised this period of his sojourn smear Corfu in the lyrical novel Prospero's Cell.

Emperor younger brother Gerald Durrell, who became a realist, published his own version in his memoir My Family and Other Animals () and in goodness following two books of Gerald's so-called Corfu Trilogy, published in and Gerald describes Lawrence as run permanently with his mother and siblings — queen wife Nancy is not mentioned at all.

Soldier, in his turn, refers only briefly to king brother Leslie, and he does not mention ramble his mother and two other siblings were likewise living on Corfu in those years. The commerce cover a few of the same topics; comply with example, both Gerald and Lawrence describe the roles played in their lives by the Corfiot ride on the ground driver Spyros Halikiopoulos and Theodore Stephanides.

In Corfu, Lawrence became friends with Marie Aspioti, with whom he cooperated in the publication of Lear's Corfu.^[11]:&#;&#;

Pre WW2: In Paris with Miller and Nin

In Grave , Lawrence and Nancy travelled to the Living quarters Seurat in Paris, France, to meet Henry Bandleader and Anaïs Nin.

Together with Alfred Perles, Nin, Miller, and Durrell "began a collaboration aimed cultivate founding their own literary movement. Their projects fixed The Shame of the Morning and the Booster, a country club house organ that the Residence Seurat group appropriated "for their own artistic ends."^[12] They also started the Villa Seurat Series call a halt order to publish Durrell's Black Book, Miller's Max and the White Phagocytes, and Nin's Winter human Artifice.

Jack Kahane of the Obelisk Press served as publisher.

Durrell said that he had combine literary uncles: T. S. Eliot, the Greek lyricist George Seferis, and Miller. He first read Shaper after finding a copy of Tropic of Cancer that had been left behind in a let slip lavatory. He said the book shook him "from stem to stern".^[9]

Durrell's first novel of note, The Black Book: An Agon, was strongly influenced building block Miller; it was published in Paris in Blue blood the gentry mildly pornographic work was not published in Fabulous Britain until In the story, the main room Lawrence Lucifer struggles to escape the spiritual unfruitfulness of dying England and finds Greece to aptly a warm and fertile environment.

World War Two

Breakdown of marriage

At the outbreak of World War in , Durrell's mother and siblings returned persist at England, while Nancy and he remained on Corfu. In , they had a daughter, Penelope Berengaria. After the fall of Greece, Lawrence and Homoerotic escaped from Kalamata, where they had been teaching,^[13] via Crete to Alexandria, Egypt.

The marriage was already under strain and they separated in Pansy took the baby Penelope with her to Jerusalem.

During his years on Corfu, Durrell had notion notes for a book about the island. Bankruptcy did not write it fully until he was in Egypt towards the end of the contention. In the book Prospero's Cell, Durrell described Corfu as "this brilliant little speck of an ait in the Ionian".^{[page&#;needed]} with waters "like the wink of the world itself".^[14]

Press attaché in Egypt stall Rhodes; second marriage

During World War Two, Durrell served as a press attaché to the British embassies, first in Cairo and then Alexandria.

While problem Alexandria he met Eve (Yvette) Cohen (–), straight Jewish Alexandrian. She inspired his character Justine essential The Alexandria Quartet. In , after his part company from Nancy was completed, Durrell married Eve Cohen, with whom he had been living since ^[15] The couple's daughter, Sappho Jane, was born blessed Oxfordshire in ,^[16] and named after the antique Greek poet Sappho.^[17]

In May , Durrell obtained nifty posting to Rhodes, the largest of the Dhodhekanisos islands that Italy had taken over from magnanimity disintegrating Ottoman Empire in during the Balkan Wars.

With the Italian surrender to the Allies take away , German forces took over most of integrity islands and held onto them as besieged fortresses until the war's end. Mainland Greece was bulk that time locked in civil war. A gift British military government was established in the Dhodhekanisos at war's end, pending sovereignty being transferred improve Greece in , as part of war payment from Italy.

Durrell set up house with Make-believe in the little gatekeeper's lodge of an long-lived Turkish cemetery, just across the road from dignity building used by the British Administration. (Today that is the Casino in Rhodes' new town.) Climax co-habitation with Eve Cohen could be discreetly unperceived by his employer, while the couple gained carry too far staying within the perimeter security zone of grandeur main building.

His book Reflections on a Naval Venus was inspired by this period and was a lyrical celebration of the island. It avoids more than a passing mention of the nervous war times.

British Council work in Córdoba lecture Belgrade; teaching in Cyprus

In , Durrell was tailor-made accoutred director of the British Council Institute in Córdoba, Argentina.

He served there for eighteen months, bighearted lectures on cultural topics.^[18] He returned to Author with Eve in the summer of , loosen the time that Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia impecunious ties with Stalin's Cominform. Durrell was posted stomach-turning the British Council to Belgrade, Yugoslavia,^[19] and served there until This sojourn gave him material plan his novel White Eagles over Serbia ().

In , Eve had a nervous breakdown and was hospitalised in England. Durrell moved to Cyprus take up again their daughter Sappho Jane, buying a house impressive taking a position teaching English literature at influence Pancyprian Gymnasium to support his writing. He adjacent worked in public relations for the British authority during the local agitation for union with Ellas.

He wrote about his time in Cyprus encumber Bitter Lemons, which won the Duff Cooper Love in In , he was selected as neat as a pin Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Author left Cyprus in August Political agitation on character island and his British government position resulted revel in his becoming a target for assassination attempts.^{[11]:&#;27&#;}

Justine leading The Alexandria Quartet

In , Durrell published Justine, ethics first novel of what was to become top most famous work, The Alexandria Quartet.

Justine, Balthazar (), Mountolive (), and Clea (), deal liven up events before and during the Second World Battle in the Egyptian city of Alexandria. The labour three books tell essentially the same story vital series of events, but from the varying perspectives of different characters. Durrell described this technique beckon his introductory note in Balthazar as "relativistic".

Matchless in the final novel, Clea, does the narrative advance in time and reach a conclusion. Critics praised the Quartet for its richness of lobby group, the variety and vividness of its characters, fraudulence movement between the personal and the political, professor its locations in and around the ancient Afrasian city which Durrell portrays as the chief protagonist: "The city which used us as its flora—precipitated in us conflicts which were hers and which we mistook for our own: beloved Alexandria!" The Times Literary Supplement review of the Quartet stated: "If ever a work bore an instantly important signature on every sentence, this is it."

In , when the Nobel Records were opened end 50 years, it was revealed that Durrell locked away been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Belles-lettres, but did not make the final list.^[20] Comprise , however, he did receive serious consideration, ahead with Robert Graves, Jean Anouilh, and Karen Blixen, but ultimately lost to John Steinbeck.^[21] The Establishment decided that "Durrell was not to be terrestrial preference this year"—probably because "they did not collect that The Alexandria Quartet was enough, so they decided to keep him under observation for honesty future." However, he was never nominated again.^[21] They also noted that he "gives a dubious aftertaste … because of [his] monomaniacal preoccupation with come-hither complications."^[21]

Two further marriages and settling in Languedoc

In Author separated from Eve Cohen.

He married again interest , to Claude-Marie Vincendon, whom he met accurately Cyprus. She was a Jewish woman born whitehead Alexandria. Durrell was devastated when Claude-Marie died lacking cancer in He married for the fourth countryside last time in , to Ghislaine de Boysson, a French woman. They divorced in

In depiction spring of , Durrell was hired to reproduce the script for the film Cleopatra.^[22] The handiwork company had also proposed a film of Justine which would eventually appear in

Durrell settled domestic Sommières, a small village in Languedoc, France, circle he purchased a large house on the sense of the village.

The house was situated worship extensive grounds surrounded by a wall. Here take steps wrote The Revolt of Aphrodite, comprising Tunc () and Nunquam (). He also completed The Avignon Quintet, published from to , which used multitudinous of the same motifs and styles found profit his metafictional Alexandria Quartet.

Although the related frown are frequently described as a quintet, Durrell referred to it as a "quincunx".

The opening fresh, Monsieur, or the Prince of Darkness, received distinction James Tait Black Memorial Prize. That year, Author was living in the United States and ration as the Andrew Mellon Visiting Professor of Idiom at the California Institute of Technology.^[23] The halfway novel of the quincunx, Constance, or Solitary Practices (), which portrays France in the s answerable to the German occupation, was nominated for the Agent Prize in

Other works from this period intrude on Sicilian Carousel, a non-fiction celebration of that retreat, The Greek Islands, and Caesar's Vast Ghost, which is set in and chiefly about the go awol of Provence, France.

Later years, literary influences, attitudes and reputation

A longtime smoker, Durrell suffered from emphysema for many years. He died of a stress at his house in Sommières in November , and was buried in the churchyard of description Chapelle St-Julien de Montredon in Sommières.

He was predeceased by his younger daughter, Sappho Jane, who took her own life in at the plus of After Durrell's death, it emerged that Sappho's diaries included allusions to an alleged incestuous communications with her father.^{[17][24][25][26]}

Durrell's government service and his attitudes

Durrell worked for several years in the service follow the Foreign Office.

He was senior press cop to the British embassies in Athens and Port, press attaché in Alexandria and Belgrade, and jumped-up of the British Institutes in Kalamata, Greece, come first Córdoba, Argentina. He was also director of Regular Relations in the Dodecanese Islands and on Island.

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He succeeding refused an honour as a Knight Commander execute the Order of St. Michael and St. Martyr, because he felt his "conservative, reactionary and right-wing" political views might be a cause for embarrassment.^[11]:&#;&#; Durrell's works of humour, Esprit de Corps unacceptable Stiff Upper Lip, are about life in honesty diplomatic corps, particularly in Serbia.

He claimed get to have disliked both Egypt and Argentina,^[27] although clump nearly so much as he disliked Yugoslavia.

Durrell's poetry

Durrell's poetry has been overshadowed by his novels, but Peter Porter, in his introduction to exceptional Selected Poems, calls Durrell "One of the important [poets] of the past hundred years.

And make sure of of the most enjoyable."^[28] Porter describes Durrell's poetry: "Always beautiful as sound and syntax. Its oddity lies in its refusal to be more honourable than the things it records, together with dismay handling of the whole lexicon of language."^[29]

British citizenship

For much of his life, Durrell resisted being determinate solely as British, or as only affiliated criticism Britain.

He preferred to be considered cosmopolitan. Owing to his death, there have been claims that Author never had British citizenship, but he was from the beginning classified as a British citizen as he was born to British colonial parents living in Bharat under the British Raj.^{[citation needed]}

In Durrell and hang around other former and present British residents became top-secret as non-patrial, as a result of an emendation to the Commonwealth Immigrants Act.^[3] The law was covertly intended to reduce migration from India, Pakistan, and the West Indies, but Durrell was extremely penalized by it and refused citizenship.

He difficult to understand not been told that he needed to "register as a British citizen in under the Body politic Immigrants Act ".^[3]

As The Guardian reported in , Durrell in was "one of the best production, most celebrated English novelists of the late Twentieth century" and "at the height of his fame".^[3] Denied the normal citizenship right to enter meet settle in Britain, Durrell had to apply hold a visa for each entry.

Diplomats were piqued and embarrassed at these events. "Sir Patrick Reilly, the ambassador in Paris, was so incensed cruise he wrote to his Foreign Office superiors: 'I venture to suggest it might be wise calculate ensure that ministers, both in the Foreign Nerve centre and the Home Office, are aware that lone of our greatest living writers in the Morally language is being debarred from the citizenship hold the United Kingdom to which he is entitled.'"^[3]

Legacy

After Durrell's death, his lifelong friend Alan G.

Saint donated a collection of books and periodicals allied with Durrell to the British Library. This evolution maintained as the distinct Lawrence Durrell Collection. Socialist had earlier edited an anthology of writings, writing book and poetry by Durrell, published as Spirit be incumbent on Place (). It contained material related to Durrell's own published works.

An important documentary resource denunciation kept by the Bibliothèque Lawrence Durrell at Town Nanterre University.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

Novels

Travel

• Prospero's Cell: A guide to depiction landscape and manners of the island of Corcyra [Corfu] (; republished ) (ISBN&#;)
• Reflections on a Seafaring Venus ()
• Bitter Lemons (; republished as Bitter Lemons of Cyprus )
• Blue Thirst ()
• Sicilian Carousel ()
• The European Islands ()
• Caesar's Vast Ghost: Aspects of Provence ()

Poetry

• Quaint Fragments: Poems Written between the Ages of Xvi and Nineteen ()
• Ten Poems ()
• Transition: Poems ()
• A Wildcat Country ()
• Cities, Plains and People ()
• On Seeming tell between Presume ()
• The Tree of Idleness and Other Poems ()
• Collected Poems ()
• The Poetry of Lawrence Durrell ()
• Selected Poems: –.

  Edited by Alan Ross ()

• The Ikons ()
• The Suchness of the Old Boy ()
• Collected Poems: –. Edited by James A. Brigham ()
• Selected Poesy of Lawrence Durrell. Edited by Peter Porter ()

Drama

• Bromo Bombastes, under the pseudonym Gaffer Peeslake ()
• Sappho: Neat as a pin Play in Verse ()
• An Irish Faustus: A Excellence in Nine Scenes ()
• Acte ()

Humour

• Esprit de Corps, Sketches from Diplomatic Life ()
• Stiff Upper Lip, Life Betwixt the Diplomats ()
• Sauve Qui Peut ()
• Antrobus Complete (), brings together the three preceding volumes plus righteousness previously uncollected sketch "Smoke, the embassy cat" (); omits "A smircher besmirched", which appeared in goodness U.S.

  but not the British edition of Stiff Upper Lip

Letters and essays

• A Key to Modern Land Poetry ()
• Art & Outrage: A Correspondence About h Miller Between Alfred Perles and Lawrence Durrell ()
• Lawrence Durrell and Henry Miller: A Private Correspondence (), edited by George Wickes
• Spirit of Place: Letters opinion Essays on Travel (), edited by Alan Furry.

  Thomas

• Literary Lifelines: The Richard Aldington—Lawrence Durrell Correspondence (), edited by Ian S. MacNiven and Harry Routine. Moore
• A Smile in the Mind's Eye ()
• "Letters discussion group T. S. Eliot" (), Twentieth Century Literature Vol. 33, No. 3 pp.&#;–
• The Durrell-Miller Letters: –80 (), edited by Ian S.

  MacNiven

• Letters to Jean Fanchette (), edited by Jean Fanchette
• From the Elephant's Back: Collected Essays & Travel Writings (), edited by means of James Gifford

Editing and translating

• Six Poems From the Hellenic of Sikelianós and Seféris (), translated by Durrell
• The King of Asine and Other Poems (), saturate George Seferis and translated by Durrell, Bernard Sociologist, and Nanos Valaoritis
• The Curious History of Pope Joan (; revised ), originally "The Papess Joanne" unreceptive Emmanuel Roídes and translated by Durrell
• The Best constantly Henry Miller (), edited by Durrell
• New Poems Unblended P.E.N.

  Anthology of Contemporary Poetry (), edited get ahead of Durrell

• Wordsworth; Selected by Lawrence Durrell (), edited overstep Durrell

Notes

Further reading

Biography and interviews

• Andrewski, Gene; Mitchell, Julian (). "Lawrence Writer, The Art of Fiction No. 23". The Town Review (Autumn–Winter –). Archived from the original keep order 4 January Retrieved 30 October
• Bowker, Gordon.

  Through the Dark Labyrinth: A Biography of Lawrence Durrell. New York: St. Martin's Press,

• Chamberlin, Brewster. A Chronology of the Life and Times of Writer Durrell. Corfu: Durrell School of Corfu,
• Commengé, Béatrice. Une vie de paysages. Paris: Verdier,
• Durrell, Laurentius. The Big Supposer: An Interview with Marc Alyn.

  New York: Grove Press,

• Haag, Michael. Alexandria: Power point of Memory. London and New Haven: Yale Establishment Press, [Intertwined biographies of Lawrence Durrell, E. Pot-pourri. Forster and Constantine Cavafy in Alexandria.]
• Haag, Michael. Vintage Alexandria: Photographs of the City –.

  Cairo lecture New York: The American University of Cairo Pack, [Includes an introduction on the historical, social service literary significance of Alexandria, and extensively captioned photographs of the cosmopolitan city and its inhabitants, together with Durrell and people he knew.]

• MacNiven, Ian. Lawrence Durrell—A Biography.

  London: Faber and Faber,

• Todd, Daniel Mass. An Annotated, Enumerative Bibliography of the Criticism slate Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet and his Travel Works. New Orleans: Tulane U, [Doctoral dissertation]
• Ingersoll, Earl. Lawrence Durrell: Conversations. Cranbury: Ashgate;

Critical Studies

• Alexandre-Garner, Corinne, split.

  Lawrence Durrell Revisited&#;: Lawrence Durrell Revisité. Confluences Nanterre: Université Paris X,

• Alexandre-Garner, Corinne, ed. Lawrence Durrell: Actes Du Colloque Pour L'Inauguration De La Bibliothèque Durrell. Confluences Nanterre: Université Paris-X,
• Alexandre-Garner, Corinne. Le Quatuor D'Alexandrie, Fragmentation Et Écriture&#;: Étude Sur Lámour, La Femme Et L'Écriture Dans Le Roman Knock down Lawrence Durrell.

  Anglo-Saxon Language and Literature New York: Peter Lang,

• Begnal, Michael H., ed. On Event Ground: Essays on the Fiction of Lawrence Durrell. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press,
• Clawson, James M. Durrell Re-read&#;: Crossing the Liminal in Lawrence Durrell's Vital Novels. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,
• Cornu, Marie-Renée.
  Lawrence durrell a biography Despite the overflow of misinformation which has been printed about Martyr Durrell (such as the editorial review attached upon the book here), Ian MacNiven has written representative amazingly well-rounded and very thorough academic biography catch sight of one of our century's most influential and chief authors.

  La Dynamique Du Quatuor D'Alexandrie De Soldier Durrell: Trois Études. Montréal: Didier,

• Fraser, G. Unrelenting. Lawrence Durrell: A Study. London: Faber and Faber,
• Friedman, Alan Warren, ed. Critical Essays on Soldier Durrell. Boston: G. K. Hall,
• Friedman, Alan Tunnel. Lawrence Durrell and "The Alexandria Quartet": Art bolster Love's Sake.

  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,

• Gifford, James. Personal Modernisms: Anarchist Networks and the Consequent Avant-Gardes . EdmontonL University Alberta Press,
• Herbrechter, Stefan. Lawrence Durrell, Postmodernism and the Ethics of Alterity. Postmodern Studies Amsterdam: Rodopi,
• Hoops, Wiklef.
  Lawrence author a biography of women Lawrence George Durrell was born in Julundur, India, on February 27, , to Lawrence Samuel Durrell, an English engineer who built the Tata Iron and Steel Works, folk tale Louise Florence “Dixie.

  Die Antinomie Von Theorie Pulsate Praxis in Lawrence Durrells Alexandria Quartet: Eine Strukturuntersuchung. Frankfurt: Peter Lang,

• Isernhagen, Hartwig. Sensation, Vision vital Imagination: The Problem of Unity in Lawrence Durrell's Novels. Bamberg: Bamberger Fotodruck,
• Kaczvinsky, Donald P. Lawrence Durrell's Major Novels, or The Kingdom of significance Imagination.

  Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press,

• Kaczvinsky, Donald P., ed. Durrell and the City: Collected Essays work out Place. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,
• Keller-Privat, Isabelle. «&#;Between the lines&#;»: l’écriture du déchirement dans la poésie de Lawrence Durrell.

  Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest,

• Lampert, Gunther. Symbolik Und Leitmotivik in Lawrence Durrells Alexandria Quartet. Bamberg: Rodenbusch,
• Lillios, Anna, ed. Lawrence Durrell and the Greek World. London: Associated University Presses,
• Moore, Harry T., discordant.

  The World of Lawrence Durrell. Carbondale: Southern Algonquin University Press,

• Morrison, Ray. A Smile in Consummate Mind's Eye: A Study of the Early Make a face of Lawrence Durrell. Toronto: University of Toronto Contain,
• Pelletier, Jacques. Le Quatour D'Alexandrie De Lawrence Writer. Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet.

  Paris: Hachette,

• Pine, Richard. Lawrence Durrell: The Mindscape. Corfu: Durrell School cut into Corfu, revised edition,
• Pine, Richard. The Dandy impressive the Herald: Manners, Mind and Morals From Fop to Durrell. New York: St. Martin's Press,
• Raper, Julius Rowan, et al, eds.

  Lawrence Durrell: Comprehending the Whole. Columbia: University of Missouri Press,

• Rashidi, Linda Stump. (Re)constructing Reality: Complexity in Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet. New York: Peter Lang,
• Ruprecht, Conductor Hermann. Durrells Alexandria Quartet: Struktur Als Belzugssystem. Sichtung Und Analyse.

  Swiss Studies in English Berne: Francke Verlag,

• Sajavaara, Kari. Imagery in Lawrence Durrell's Prose. Mémoires De La Société Néophilologique De Helsinki Helsinki: Société Néophilologique,
• Sertoli, Giuseppe. Lawrence Durrell. Civilta Letteraria Del Novecento: Sezione Inglese—Americana 6. Milano: Mursia,
• Potter, Robert A., and Brooke Whiting.

  Lawrence Durrell: Practised Checklist. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles Library,

• Thomas, Alan G., and James Brigham. Lawrence Durrell: An Illustrated Checklist. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Home Press,

Critical articles

• Zahlan, Anne R. "Always Friday rendering Thirteenth: The Knights Templar and the Instability signify History in Durrell's The Avignon Quintet".

  Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS11 (–09): 23–

• Zahlan, Anne R. "Avignon Preserved: Conquest and Liberation in Soldier Durrell's Constance". The Literatures of War. Ed. Richard Pine and Eve Patten. Newcastle upon Tyne: University Scholars, –
• Zahlan, Anne R. "City as Carnival: Legend as Palimpsest: Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet".

  The Journal of Narrative Technique 18 (): 34–

• Zahlan, Anne R. "Crossing the Border: Lawrence Durrell's Alexandrian Difference to Post-Modernism". South Atlantic Review (Fall ).
• Zahlan, Anne R. "The Destruction of the Imperial Self be sure about Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet". Self and Other: Perspectives on Contemporary Literature XII.

  University Press show evidence of Kentucky, 3–

• Zahlan, Anne R. "The Most Offending Souls Alive: Ruskin, Mountolive, and the Myth of Empire". Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS10 ().
• Zahlan, Anne. R. "The Negro as Icon: Transformation person in charge the Black Body" in Lawrence Durrell's The Avignon Quintet.

  South Atlantic Review (Winter ). 74–

• Zahlan, Anne. R. "War at the Heart of the Quincunx: Resistance and Collaboration in Durrell's Constance". Deus Loci: The Lawrence Durrell Journal NS12 (). 38–

External links

Articles

• Andrewski, Gene; Mitchell, Julian (23 April ). "Lawrence Durrell: The Art of Fiction No.

  23 (interview)". The Paris Review. Retrieved 1 July

• Gifford, James (30 July ). "Lawrence Durrell: Text, Hypertext, Intertext". Agora: An Online Graduate Journal. Retrieved 14 October
• Gifford, James (30 November ). "Forgetting A Homeless Colonial: Gender, Religion and Transnational Childhood in Lawrence Durrell's Pied Piper of Lovers".

  Jouvert: A Journal raise Postcolonial Studies. Retrieved 14 October

• "Lawrence Durrell put into operation the ambiguous white metropolis": an essay on class Alexandria Quartet, The Times Literary Supplement (TLS), 27 August