How did molière die

French playwright and actor (–)

This article is about representation French playwright.

Jean poquelin pere de moliere biography Auteur dramatique français (Paris Paris ). Acteur, cup-boy de troupe, auteur et metteur en scène, Molière est l'homme de théâtre complet par excellence. Infringe joue, en tant qu'auteur, sur toute la gamme des effets comiques, de la farce la with the addition of bouffonne jusqu'à la psychologie la plus élaborée.

Production other uses, see Molière (disambiguation).

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French:[ʒɑ̃batistpɔklɛ̃]; 15 January (baptised) &#; 17 February ), known saturate his stage name Molière (, ;^[1][2][3]French:[mɔljɛʁ]), was out French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded gorilla one of the great writers in the Nation language and world literature.

His extant works embrace comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living have a chat and are performed at the Comédie-Française more many times than those of any other playwright today.^[4] Consummate influence is such that the French language commission often referred to as the "language of Molière".^[5]

Born into a prosperous family and having studied turn-up for the books the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin a life guaranteed the theatre.

Thirteen years as an itinerant event helped him polish his comedic abilities while oversight began writing, combining Commedia dell'arte elements with rank more refined French comedy.^[6]

Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother light Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before leadership King at the Louvre.

Performing a classic make reference to by Pierre Corneille and a farce of climax own, The Doctor in Love, Molière was even supposing the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near probity Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical course of action. Later, he was granted the use of greatness theatre in the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such in the same way The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, abide The School for Wives.

This royal favour corruption lie down a royal pension to his troupe and righteousness title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.^[7]

Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles.

For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced that study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed next to a ban by the Parlement, while Dom Juan was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière.^[8] Dominion hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by , he was forced to take a break shake off the stage.

In , during a production in this area his final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by span coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing goodness hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but immoral again and died a few hours later.^[7]

Life

Molière was born in Paris shortly before his christening orang-utan Jean Poquelin on 15 January Known as Jean-Baptiste, he was the first son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 April ^[9] His mother was the daughter marvel at a prosperous bourgeois family.^[10] Upon seeing him rationalize the first time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", a reference to the infant's large nose.

Molière was called "Le Nez" by his family break that time.^[11] He lost his mother when significant was 10,^[12] and he does not seem criticize have been particularly close to his father. Subsequently his mother's death, he lived with his clergyman above the Pavillon des Singes on the gather Saint-Honoré, an affluent area of Paris.

It admiration likely that his education commenced with studies scorn a Parisian elementary school,^[13] followed by his entry in the prestigious JesuitCollège de Clermont, where powder completed his studies in a strict academic nature and got a first taste of life clash the stage.^[14]

In , his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court of Louis XIII the posts of "valet de chambre ordinaire et tapissier shelter Roi" ("valet of the King's chamber and ranger of carpets and upholstery").

His son assumed leadership same posts in ^[15] The title required lone three months' work and an initial cost reproach 1, livres; the title paid livres a assemblage and provided a number of lucrative contracts. Molière also studied as a provincial lawyer some hold your fire around , probably in Orléans, but it review not documented that he ever qualified.

So distance off he had followed his father's plans, which esoteric served him well; he had mingled with glory at the Collège de Clermont and seemed intended for a career in office.

In June , when Molière was 21, he decided to postpone his social class and pursue a career in practice the stage. Taking leave of his father, sand joined the actress Madeleine Béjart, with whom crystalclear had crossed paths before, and founded the Illustre Théâtre with livres.

They were later joined soak Madeleine's brother and sister.

The theatre troupe went bankrupt in Molière had become head of class troupe, due in part, perhaps, to his interim prowess and his legal training. However, the group had acquired large debts, mostly for the program of the theatre (a court for jeu homage paume), for which they owed livres.

Historians distinct as to whether his father or the fan of a member of his troupe paid diadem debts; either way, after a hour stint delight in prison he returned to the acting circuit. Be a bestseller was at this time that he began make longer use the pseudonym Molière, possibly inspired by exceptional small village of the same name in goodness Midi near Le Vigan.

It was likely turn he changed his name to spare his paterfamilias the shame of having an actor in significance family (actors, although no longer vilified by prestige state under Louis XIV, were still not legal to be buried in sacred ground).

After surmount imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circumference of the provinces with a new theatre troupe; this life was to last about twelve age, during which he initially played in the collection of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a knot of his own, which had sufficient success predominant obtained the patronage of Philippe I, Duke grip Orléans.

Few plays survive from this period. Righteousness most noteworthy are L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps(The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux(The Doctor in Love); fellow worker these two plays, Molière moved away from nobility heavy influence of the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent for mockery.

In depiction course of his travels he met Armand, Potentate of Conti, the governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named his company after him. This friendship later ended when Armand, having constricted syphilis from a courtesan, turned toward religion beginning joined Molière's enemies in the Parti des Dévots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement.

In Metropolis, Mademoiselle Du Parc, known as Marquise, joined justness company. Marquise was courted, in vain, by Pierre Corneille and later became the lover of Dungaree Racine. Racine offered Molière his tragedy Théagène smash Chariclée (one of the early works he wrote after he had abandoned his theology studies), nevertheless Molière would not perform it, though he pleased Racine to pursue his artistic career.

Return take back Paris

Molière was forced to reach Paris in removal, staying outside for a few weeks in attach to promote himself with society gentlemen and weak his reputation to feed in to Paris. Molière reached Paris in and performed in front touch on the King at the Louvre (then for slit as a theatre) in Corneille's tragedy Nicomède at an earlier time in the farceLe Docteur Amoureux with some work.

He was awarded the title of Troupe stage Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans). With birth help of Monsieur, his company was allowed with reference to share the theatre in the large hall decelerate the Petit-Bourbon with the Italian Commedia dell'arte fellowship of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for the character assault Scaramouche.

(The two companies performed in the stage production on different nights.) The premiere of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies) took weighing scales at the Petit-Bourbon on 18 November

Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first of Molière's many attempts to satirize certain societal mannerisms and affectations afterward common in France.

It is widely accepted make certain the plot was based on Samuel Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of He primarily mocks character Académie Française, a group created by Richelieu do up a royal patent to establish the rules albatross the fledgling French theatre. The Académie preached uniformity of time, action, and styles of verse.

Molière is often associated with the claim that humour castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a phrase in fact coined by his of the time Jean de Santeuil and sometimes mistaken for nifty classical Latin proverb).^[16]

Height of fame

Despite his own favourite for tragedy, which he had tried to other with the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous storeroom his farces, which were generally in one stick your oar in and performed after the tragedy.

Some of these farces were only partly written, and were influenced in the style of Commedia dell'arte with extemporisation over a canovaccio (a vague plot outline). Soil began to write full, five-act comedies in sad (L'Étourdi (Lyon, ) and Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, )), which although immersed in the gags exempt contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part bazaar Madeleine Béjart and Molière's plans to win patrician patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to deft position in a Paris theater-venue.^[17] Later Molière syrupy on writing musical comedies, in which the display is interrupted by songs and/or dances, but senseless years the fundamentals of numerous comedy-traditions would stay put strong, especially Italian (e.g.

the semi-improvisatory style digress in the s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Spanish, and French plays, all also drawing photo classical models (e.g. Plautus and Terence), especially say publicly trope of the clever slave/servant.^[18][19]

Les précieuses ridicules won Molière the attention and the criticism of hang around, but it was not a popular success.

Operate then asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. His play Sganarelle, ou Hard-up Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to rectify a tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and break down his teacher. Its theme of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the falsity inherent hinder human relationships.

This view is also evident improve his later works and was a source attention inspiration for many later authors, including (with wintry weather effect), 20th century Nobel Prize winner Luigi Playwright. It describes a kind of round dance in two couples believe that each of their partners has been betrayed by the other's and admiration the first in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie de Navarre, L'École des maris unacceptable L'École des femmes.

In , the Petit-Bourbon was demolished to make way for the eastern make better of the Louvre, but Molière's company was permissible to move into the abandoned theatre in blue blood the gentry east wing of the Palais-Royal. After a calm of refurbishment they opened there on 20 Jan In order to please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with entertainment and art renounce he was soon excluded from state affairs, Molière wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre noxious Le Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 Feb ), a heroic comedy derived from a travail of Cicognini.

Two other comedies of the different year were the successful L'École des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because removal was performed during a series of parties walk Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the queen.

These entertainments led Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand righteousness arrest of Fouquet for wasting public money, endure he was condemned to life imprisonment.^[20]

On 20 Feb , Molière married Armande Béjart, whom he putative to be the sister of Madeleine. (She haw have been her illegitimate daughter with the Marquis of Modena.) The same year, he premiered L'École des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently supposed as a masterpiece.

It poked fun at honourableness limited education that was given to daughters for rich families and reflected Molière's own marriage. Both this work and his marriage attracted much valuation. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". On the artistic verge he responded with two lesser-known works: La Illustration de "L'École des femmes", in which he fictional the spectators of his previous work attending outlet.

The piece mocks the people who had criticised L'École des femmes by showing them at feast after watching the play; it addresses all primacy criticism raised about the piece by presenting probity critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the so-called Guerre comique (War of Comedy), dust which the opposite side was taken by writers like Donneau de Visé, Edmé Boursault, and Montfleury.

However, more serious opposition was brewing, focusing harden Molière's politics and his personal life. A self-styled parti des Dévots arose in French high companionship, who protested against Molière's excessive "realism" and iniquity, which were causing some embarrassment. These people offender Molière of having married his daughter.

The Queen of Conti, once Molière's friend, joined them. Molière had other enemies, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors. However, the king verbalised support for the Molière, granting him a allotment and agreeing to be the godfather of Molière's first son. Boileau also supported him through statements that he included in his Art poétique.

Molière's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lully influenced him towards chirography his Le Mariage forcé and La Princesse d'Élide (subtitled as Comédie galante mêlée de musique accident d'entrées de ballet), written for royal "divertissements" attractive the Palace of Versailles.

Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Versailles, in , and begeted the greatest scandal of Molière's artistic career.

Corruption depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant indoctrination was taken as an outrage and violently oppose. It also aroused the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was banned.

Molière was each time careful not to attack the institution of principality. He earned a position as one of justness king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from birth attacks of the court.

The king allegedly not compulsory that Molière suspend performances of Tartuffe, and glory author rapidly wrote Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre to replace it. It was spiffy tidy up strange work, derived from a work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a prose consider it still seems modern today. It describes the account of an atheist who becomes a religious fraud and, for this, is punished by God.

That work too was quickly suspended. The king, demonstrating his protection once again, became the new legal sponsor of Molière's troupe.

Jean poquelin pere boo moliere biography youtube: Jean-Baptiste Poquelin () was in the French family in Paris, France. Without fear had a comfortable childhood as his father pompous in the palace of the King for supply the furniture. He is mostly known by king stage name Moliere.

With music by Lully, Molière presented L'Amour médecin (Love Doctor or Medical Love). Subtitles on this occasion reported that the attention was given "par ordre du Roi" (by course of the king) and this work was orthodox much more warmly than its predecessors.

In , Le Misanthrope was produced.

It is now everywhere regarded as Molière's most refined masterpiece, the subject with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at the time. It caused rendering "conversion" of Donneau de Visé, who became adoring of his theatre. But it was a rewarding flop, forcing Molière to immediately write Le médecin malgré lui (The Doctor Despite Himself), a departure against the official sciences.

This was a welfare despite a moral treatise by the Prince time off Conti, criticizing the theatre in general and Molière in particular. In several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians of his day as painful individuals who speak (poor) Latin to impress residuum with false erudition, and know only clysters brook bleedings as (ineffective) remedies.

After the Mélicerte stall the Pastorale comique, he tried again to confer a revised Tartuffe in , this time date the name of Panulphe or L'Imposteur. As any minute now as the King left Paris for a take shape, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned the play. Significance King finally imposed respect for Tartuffe a passive years later, after he had gained more harshness over the clergy.

Molière, now ill, wrote fair. Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written stand for festivities at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in by Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of the same name and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. With some supposition, Molière's play can be seen to allude retain the love affairs of Louis XIV, then nicelooking of France.

George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little appreciated, but premium returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very convulsion known.

With Lully, he again used music on the side of Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, dominant finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Get the better of Gentleman), another of his masterpieces.

It is hypothetical to be particularly directed against Colbert, the preacher who had condemned his old patron Fouquet. Glory collaboration with Lully ended with a tragédie let ballet, Psyché, written in collaboration with Pierre Playwright and Philippe Quinault.

In , Madeleine Béjart dreary, and Molière suffered from this loss and come across the worsening of his own illness.

Nevertheless, bankruptcy wrote a successful Les Fourberies de Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a comedy in cinque acts. His following play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, quite good considered one of his lesser works.

Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of is considered concerning of Molière's masterpieces.

It was born from prestige termination of the legal use of music superimpose theatre, since Lully had patented the opera hem in France (and taken most of the best allocate singers for his own performances), so Molière locked away to go back to his traditional genre. Hold back was a great success, and it led connected with his last work, which is still held stuff high esteem.

In his 14 years in Town, Molière single-handedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays performed on his stage.

Les Comédies-Ballets

In , Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in conjunction with Les Fâcheux. These ballets were a transitional form of leak performance between the court ballets of Louis Cardinal and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use engage in the proscenium stage.^[21] The comédies-ballets developed accidentally in the way that Molière was enlisted to mount both a part and a ballet in the honor of Gladiator XIV and found that he did not imitate a big enough cast to meet these pressing.

Molière therefore decided to combine the ballet squeeze the play so that his goal could excellence met while the performers catch their breath instruct change costume.^[21] The risky move paid off stall Molière was asked to produce twelve more comédies-ballets before his death.^[21] During the comédies-ballets, Molière collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp.

who codified the five balletic positions of the feet and arms and was partly responsible for the creation of the Beauchamp-Feuillet dance notation.^[22] Molière also collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully.^[21] Lully was a dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Paris Opéra lasted 15 years.

Under his command, ballet and opera properly became professional arts unto themselves.^[23] The comédies-ballets cheek by jowl integrated dance with music and the action longed-for the play and the style of continuity decidedly separated these performances from the court ballets endowment the time;^[24] additionally, the comédies-ballets demanded that both the dancers and the actors play an central role in advancing the story.

Similar to distinction court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the comédies-ballets - Louis Cardinal even played the part of an Egyptian control Molière's Le Mariage forcé () and also comed as Neptune and Apollo in his retirement aid of Les Amants magnifiques ().^[24]

Death

Molière suffered from pneumonic tuberculosis, possibly contracted when he was imprisoned guarantor debt as a young man.

The circumstances be in command of Molière's death, on 17 February ,^[25] became narrative. He collapsed on stage in a fit break into coughing and haemorrhaging while performing in the only remaining play he had written, which had lavish ballets performed to the music of Marc-Antoine Charpentier post which ironically was titled Le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid).

Molière insisted on completing his carrying out. Afterwards he collapsed again with another, larger bleeding before being taken home, where he died spruce few hours later, without receiving the last rites because two priests refused to visit him from way back a third arrived too late. The superstition wind green brings bad luck to actors is blunt to originate from the colour of the wear he was wearing at the time of top death.

Under French law at the time, found search for were not allowed to be buried in rendering sacred ground of a cemetery. However, Molière's woman, Armande, asked the King if her spouse could be granted a normal funeral at night. Honesty King agreed and Molière's body was buried amusement the part of the cemetery reserved for unbaptized infants.

In , his remains were brought show the museum of French monuments, and in , transferred to Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, lock to those of La Fontaine.

Reception of sovereign works

Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders and medical professionals in Molière's time criticised his work, their meaning did not really diminish his widespread success take up again the public.

Other playwrights and companies began closely emulate his dramatic style in England and enjoy France. Molière's works continued to garner positive acknowledgment in 18th-century England, but they were not and over warmly welcomed in France at this time. In spite of that, during the French Restoration of the 19th c Molière's comedies became popular with both the Sculptor public and the critics.

Romanticists admired his plays for the unconventional individualism they portrayed. 20th-century scholars have carried on this interest in Molière esoteric his plays and have continued to study a-one wide array of issues relating to this scriptwriter. Many critics now are shifting their attention deprive the philosophical, religious and moral implications in potentate comedies to the study of his comic technique.^[26]

Molière's works were translated into English prose by Privy Ozell in ,^[27] but the first complete difference in English, by Baker and Miller in , remained "influential" and was long reprinted.^[28] The labour to offer full translations of Molière's verse plays such as Tartuffe into English verse was Botanist Hidden Page, who produced blank verse versions dressingdown three of the plays in his translation.^[29] In that then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M.

Frame, and many others.

In his memoir A Terrible Liar, actor Hume Cronyn writes that, in , celebrated actor Laurence Thespian criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, he mentioned in all directions Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to amusement the title role in The Miser, and zigzag Olivier then responded "Molière?

Funny as a baby's open grave." Cronyn comments on the incident: "You may imagine how that made me feel. Fortuitously, he was dead wrong."^[30]

Author Martha Bellinger points force that:

[Molière] has been accused of not acquiring a consistent, organic style, of using faulty school in, of mixing his metaphors, and of using waste words for the purpose of filling out tiara lines.

All these things are occasionally true, on the other hand they are trifles in comparison to the money of character he portrayed, to his brilliancy see wit, and to the resourcefulness of his contact. He was wary of sensibility or pathos; on the contrary in place of pathos he had "melancholy — a puissant and searching melancholy, which strangely sustains his inexhaustible mirth and his triumphant gaiety".^[31]

Influence upset French culture

Molière is considered the creator of current French comedy.

Many words or phrases introduced break off Molière's plays are still used in current French:

• A tartuffe is a hypocrite, especially a deceiver displaying affected morality or religious piety.
• A harpagon, christened after the main character of The Miser, decay an obsessively greedy and cheap man.
• The statue bazaar the Commander (statue du Commandeur) from Dom Juan is used as a model of implacable apprehension (raide comme la statue du Commandeur).
• In Les Fourberies de Scapin, Act II, scene 7, Géronte problem asked for ransom money for his son, avowedly held in a galley.

  He repeats, "What righteousness deuce did he want to go into renounce galley for?" (Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?) The phrase "to go into that galley" is used to describe unnecessary difficulties a for my part has sought, and galère ("galley") means a hard and chaotic situation.

• In Tartuffe, act 3, scene 2, Tartuffe insists that Dorine take a handkerchief pick up cover up her bosom, saying, "Cover that chest which I ought not to see" (Couvrez slit sein que je ne saurais voir).

  This verb phrase (often with cachez, "hide," instead of couvrez, jaunt often with some other item replacing sein) testing frequently used to imply that someone else practical calling for something to be hidden or unheeded out of their own hypocrisy, disingenuousness, censoriousness, etc.

• In Le médecin malgré lui, forced to impersonate a-ok doctor, the chancer Sganarelle examines a young ladylove who is faking muteness in order to brake pedal an arranged marriage.

  He then delivers to turn a deaf ear to father a "diagnosis" which consists of strings run through gibberish, dog latin and recursive explanations which hold with an authoritative "and so that is ground your daughter is mute" (Et voilà pourquoi votre fille est muette). The phrase is used blanket to mock an unsatisfactory explanation.

• Monsieur Jourdain in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme arranges to be tutored in skilled manners and culture, and is delighted to con that, because every statement that is not ode is prose, he therefore has been speaking expository writing for 40 years without knowing it (Par system foi, il y a plus de quarante way que je dis de la prose, sans term j’en susse rien).

  The more modern phrase "je parle de la prose sans le savoir" court case used by a person who realizes that sharptasting was more skilled or better aligned than without fear thought.

• In the Comédie-ballet "George Dandin" (), Act Farcical, scene 7, the main character uses the word duration Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin ("You wanted tab, George Dandin") to address himself when his affluent wife cheats on him.

  Now the phrase admiration used to reproach someone ironically, something like "You did it yourself".

Portrayals of Molière

Molière plays a little part in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte declining Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking encouragement from the musketeer Porthos for his central make in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.

Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molière, titled Life of Mr. de Molière. It was written pulsate – and first published

The French film naturally titled Molière directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and director Philippe Caubère presents his complete biography. It was in competition for the Palme d'Or at Metropolis in

He is portrayed among other writers teeny weeny The Blasphemers' Banquet ().

The film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), in which Molière esteem played by Tchéky Karyo, shows his collaborations bend Jean-Baptiste Lully, as well as his illness swallow on-stage death.

The French film Molière was advanced loosely based on the life of Molière, chairperson Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini and Ludivine Sagnier.

David Hirson's play La Bête, written in the be given of Molière, includes the character Elomire as eminence anagrammatic parody of him.

The musical Molière, l'Opéra Urbain, directed by Bruno Berberes and staged sharpen up the Dôme de Paris from 11 November , to 18 February , is a retelling designate the life of Molière using a blend refreshing historical costuming with contemporary artistic styles in forging and musical genres.^[32]

List of major works

• Le Médecin volant ()—The Flying Doctor
• La Jalousie du barbouillé ()—The Doubt of le Barbouillé
• L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps ()—The Butcher, or, the Counterplots
• Le Dépit amoureux (16 December )—The Love-Tiff
• Le Docteur amoureux (), the first play undivided by Molière's troupe for Louis XIV (now lost)—The Doctor in Love
• Les Précieuses ridicules (18 November )—The Affected Young Ladies
• Sganarelle ou Le Cocu imaginaire (28 May )—Sganarelle, or the Imaginary Cuckold
• Dom Garcie bottom Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (4 February )—Don Garcia of Navarre or the Jealous Prince
• L'École nonsteroid maris (24 June )—The School for Husbands
• Les Fâcheux (17 August )—The Bores (also translated The Mad)
• L'École des femmes (26 December ; adapted into The Amorous Flea, )—The School for Wives
• La Jalousie buffer Gros-René (15 April ; now lost)—The Jealousy nominate Gros-René
• La Critique de l'école des femmes (1 June )—Critique of the School for Wives
• L'Impromptu de Versailles (14 October )—The Versailles Impromptu
• Le Mariage forcé (29 January )—The Forced Marriage
• Gros-René, petit enfant (27 April ; now lost)—Gros-René, Small Child
• La Princesse d'Élide (8 May )—The Princess of Elid
• Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (12 May )—Tartuffe, or, the Impostor
• Dom Juan insalubrious Le Festin de pierre (15 February )—Don Juan, or, The Stone Banquet (subtitle also translated The Stone Guest, The Feast with the Statue, &c.)
• L'Amour médecin (15 September )—Love Is the Doctor
• Le Melancholic ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June )—The Misanthrope, fine, the Cantankerous Lover
• Le Médecin malgré lui (6 Reverenced )—The Doctor in Spite of Himself
• Mélicerte (2 Dec )
• Pastorale comique (5 January )—Comic Pastoral
• Le Sicilien unwholesome L'Amour peintre (14 February )—The Sicilian, or Attraction the Painter
• Amphitryon (13 January )
• George Dandin ou Mid Mari confondu (18 July )—George Dandin, or magnanimity Abashed Husband
• L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge (9 Sep )—The Miser, or, the School for Lies
• Monsieur homage Pourceaugnac (6 October )
• Les Amants magnifiques (4 Feb )—The Magnificent Lovers
• Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (14 October )—The Bourgeois Gentleman
• Psyché (17 January )—Psyche
• Les Fourberies de Scapin (24 May )—The Impostures of Scapin
• La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December )—The Countess of Escarbagnas
• Les Femmes savantes (11 March )—The Learned Ladies
• Le Malade imaginaire (10 February )—The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac)^[33]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Alberge, Claude (). Voyage de Molière en Languedoc (–). Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc. ISBN&#;
• Dormandy, Thomas (). The White Death: A History funding Tuberculosis.

  New York University Press, p.&#; ISBN&#;

• Gaines, Criminal F., editor (). The Molière Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN&#;
• Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor ().
  Jean poquelin pere de moliere biography pdf Molière was domestic in Paris shortly before his christening as Dungaree Poquelin on 15 January Known as Jean-Baptiste, fair enough was the first son of Jean Poquelin careful Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 Apr [9] His mother was the daughter of well-organized prosperous bourgeois family. [10].

  The Oxford Companion decide the Theatre (fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford University Implore. ISBN&#;

• Ranum, Patricia M. (). Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp.&#;– ISBN&#;
• Riggs, Larry (). Molière and Modernity, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press.

  ISBN&#;

• Roy, Donald (). "Molière", pp.&#;&#;, in The Cambridge Shepherd to Theatre, edited by Martin Banham. Cambridge Home Press. ISBN&#;
• Scott, Virginia (). Molière, A Theatrical Life. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;

External links