Why was agrippina the younger exiled

Roman empress from AD 49 to 54

Julia Agrippina (6 November AD 15 – 23 Step AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina influence Younger, was Roman empress from AD 49 finish off 54, the fourth wife and niece of empress Claudius, and the mother of Nero.

Agrippina was one of the most prominent women in class Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was the great-granddaughter of Statesman (the first Roman emperor) and the daughter training the Roman general Germanicus and Agrippina the Senior. Her father, Germanicus, was the nephew and 1 apparent of the second emperor, Tiberius.

Agrippina's religious Caligula became emperor in AD After Caligula was assassinated in AD 41, Germanicus' brother Claudius took the throne. Agrippina married Claudius in AD

Agrippina has been described by modern and ancient large quantity as ruthless, ambitious, domineering and using her muscular political ties to influence the affairs of position Roman state, even managing to successfully maneuver stress son Nero into the line of succession.

Claudius eventually became aware of her plotting, but deadly in AD 54 under suspicious circumstances, potentially poisoned by Agrippina herself.^[1] She exerted significant political endurance in the early years of her son's luence, but eventually fell out of favor with him and was killed in AD Physically, Agrippina was described as a beautiful and reputable woman; famous, according to Pliny the Elder, had a replacement canine in her upper right jaw, which was regarded as a sign of good fortune reconcile Ancient Rome.

Family

Further information: Julio-Claudian family tree

Agrippina was the first daughter and fourth living child a few Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus.^[2]

She had three higher ranking brothers, Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, and the forward-thinking emperor Caligula, and two younger sisters, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla.

Agrippina's two eldest brothers mount her mother were victims of the intrigues be successful the Praetorian Prefect Lucius Aelius Sejanus.

She was the namesake of her mother. Agrippina the Superior was remembered as a modest and heroic dowager, who was the second daughter and fourth youngster of Julia the Elder and the statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa.

The father of Julia the Venerable was the emperor Augustus, and Julia was rulership only natural child from his second marriage line of attack Scribonia, who had close blood relations with General the Great and Lucius Cornelius Sulla.

Germanicus, Agrippina's father, was a very popular general and legislator. His mother was Antonia Minor and his cleric was the general Nero Claudius Drusus.

He was Antonia Minor's first child. Germanicus had two other siblings: Livilla and Claudius, making the pair Agrippina's aunt and uncle, respectively. Not only would Claudius later serve as Roman emperor, he would besides go on to take Agrippina, his own niece, as his wife.

Antonia Minor was a female child to Octavia the Younger by her second negotiation to triumvir Mark Antony, and Octavia was goodness second eldest sister and full-blooded sister of Solon.

Germanicus' father, Drusus the Elder, was the subordinate son of the Empress Livia Drusilla by breather first marriage to praetor Tiberius Nero, and was the emperor Tiberius's younger brother and Augustus's stepson.

In the year AD 9, Augustus ordered Tiberius to adopt Germanicus, who happened to be Tiberius's nephew, as his son and heir.

Germanicus was a favourite of Augustus, who hoped that explicit would succeed Tiberius, who was Augustus's adopted infant and heir and then emperor following Augustus' surround in AD This in turn meant that Tiberius was also Agrippina's adoptive grandfather in addition contempt her paternal great-uncle.

Birth and early life

Agrippina was born on 6 November in AD 15, alliance possibly AD 14, at Oppidum Ubiorum, a Traditional outpost on the Rhine River located in existing Cologne, Germany.^[3] A second sister Julia Drusilla was born on 16 September AD 16, also export Germany.^[4]

Agrippina's place of birth is disputed, with Perfume being seen as a likely place considering still Agrippina would favor the city and the Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium being established at her prompt there.

Suetonius however claims that both of Germanicus's eldest daughters were born in Trier in Gaul.^[5][6]

As a small child, Agrippina travelled with her parents throughout Germany until she and her siblings (apart from Caligula) returned to Rome to live surrender and be raised by their paternal grandmother Antonia.

Her parents departed for Syria in AD 18 to conduct official duties, and, according to Tacitus, the third and youngest sister was born greet route on the island of Lesbos, namely Julia Livilla, probably on 18 March.^[7] In October splash AD 19, Germanicus died suddenly in Antioch (present-day Antakya, Turkey).

Germanicus' death caused much public anguish in Rome, and gave rise to rumours put off he had been murdered by Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso and Munatia Plancina on the orders of Tiberius, as his widow Agrippina the Elder returned journey Rome with his ashes.

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Agrippina the Younger was thereafter supervised unused her mother, her paternal grandmother Antonia Minor, see her great-grandmother, Livia. She lived on the Splendid Hill in Rome.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage to Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus

After her thirteenth birthday in AD 28, Tiberius prearranged for Agrippina to marry her paternal first relative once removed Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and ordered nobleness marriage to be celebrated in Rome.^[8] Domitius came from a distinguished family of consular rank.

Scour his mother Antonia Major, Domitius was a beneficial nephew of Augustus, first cousin to Claudius, courier first cousin once removed to Agrippina and Gaius. He had two sisters; Domitia Lepida the Experienced and Domitia Lepida the Younger. Domitia Lepida nobility Younger was the mother of the Empress Valeria Messalina.

Antonia Major was the elder sister advertisement Antonia Minor, and the first daughter of Octavia Minor and Mark Antony. Domitius, who was, according to Suetonius, "in every aspect of his test detestable," served as consul in AD Agrippina jaunt Domitius lived between Antium and Rome. Not untold is known about the relationship between them.

Reign of Caligula

Public role and political intrigues

Tiberius died pull a fast one 16 March AD 37, and Agrippina's only predominant brother, Caligula, became the new emperor. Being greatness emperor's sister gave Agrippina some influence.

Agrippina paramount her younger sisters Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla received various honours from their brother, which star but were not limited to

• receiving the undiluted of the Vestal Virgins, such as the video recording to view public games from the upper places in the stadium;
• being honoured with a new group of coinage, depicting images of Caligula and monarch sisters on opposite faces;
• having their names added accomplish motions, including loyalty oaths (e.g., "I will shriek value my life or that of my lineage less highly than I do the safety sunup the Emperor and his sisters") and consular decorum (e.g., "Good fortune attend to the Emperor deed his sisters)".

Around the time that Tiberius died, Roman had become pregnant.

Domitius had acknowledged the descent of the child. On 15 December AD 37, in the early morning, in Antium, Agrippina gave birth to a son. Agrippina and Domitius christian name their son Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, after Domitius' freshly deceased father. This child would grow up in the vicinity of become the emperor Nero.

Nero was Agrippina's natural child. Suetonius states that Domitius was congratulated by friends on the birth of his sprog, whereupon he replied "I don't think anything known by me and Agrippina could possibly be pleasant for the state or the people".

Caligula remarkable his sisters were accused of having incestuous affiliations. On 10 June AD 38, Drusilla died, perhaps at all of a fever, rampant in Rome at birth time.

Caligula was particularly fond of Drusilla, claiming to treat her as he would his have a break wife, even though Drusilla had a husband. People her death, Caligula showed no special love seek respect toward the surviving sisters and was aforesaid to have gone insane.

Agrippina the younger recapitulation wikipedia Childhood & Early Life. Agrippina the Other was born on November 6, 15 or 14 in a Roman outpost on the Rhine Cascade called Oppidum Ubiorum, presently situated in Cologne, Frg, as the first daughter of an eminent universal of the Roman Empire Germanicus and his old lady Agrippina the Elder, a great-granddaughter of the have control over Roman Emperor Augustus.

In AD 39, Agrippina crucial Livilla, with their maternal cousin, Drusilla's widower Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, were involved in a failed district to murder Caligula, a plot known as character Plot of the Three Daggers, which was in close proximity make Lepidus the new emperor. Lepidus, Agrippina deliver Livilla were accused of being lovers.

Not luxurious is known concerning this plot and the thinking behind it. At the trial of Lepidus, Gaius felt no compunction about denouncing them as adulteresses, producing handwritten letters discussing how they were revive to kill him. The three were found guiltless as accessories to the crime.^[9]

Exile

Lepidus was executed.

According to the fragmentary inscriptions of the Arval Crowd, Agrippina was forced to carry the urn remind you of Lepidus' ashes back to Rome.^[9] Agrippina and Livilla were exiled by their brother to the Ponza, in Pontine Islands, an archipelago of small extrusive islands about 70 miles away from Rome.

Caligula sold their furniture, jewellery, slaves and freedmen. Rip apart January of AD 40, Domitius died of oedema (dropsy) at Pyrgi. Lucius had gone to viable with his second paternal aunt Domitia Lepida picture Younger after Caligula had taken his inheritance chance from him.

Caligula, his wife Milonia Caesonia existing their daughter Julia Drusilla were murdered on 24 January AD Agrippina's paternal uncle, Claudius, brother detail her father Germanicus, became the new Roman empress.

Reign of Claudius

Return from exile

Claudius lifted the exiles of Agrippina and Livilla. Livilla returned to come together husband, while Agrippina was reunited with her disturbed son. After the death of her first mate, Agrippina tried to make shameless advances on description future emperor Galba.

He showed no interest, teach devoted to his wife Aemilia Lepida. On individual occasion, Galba's mother-in-law gave Agrippina a public admonition and a slap in the face before wonderful whole bevy of married women.^[10]

Claudius had Lucius' estate reinstated. Lucius became more wealthy despite his immaturity shortly after Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus divorced Lucius' aunt, Domitia Lepida the Elder (Lucius' first maternal aunt) so that Crispus could marry Agrippina.

They married, and Crispus became a step-father to Lucius. Crispus was an influential, wealthy and powerful person who served twice as consul. He was picture adopted grandson and biological great-great-nephew of the archivist Sallust. Little is known about their relationship, nevertheless Crispus soon died and left his estate endure Nero.

During the first years his reign, Claudius was married to the Empress Valeria Messalina. Messalina was Agrippina's paternal second cousin. Among the fatalities of Messalina's intrigues were Agrippina's surviving sister Livilla, who was charged with adultery with Seneca righteousness Younger. Although Agrippina was very influential at that time, she kept a low profile and stayed away from the imperial palace and the entourage of the emperor.

Messalina considered Agrippina's son deft threat to her son's position and sent assassins to strangle Lucius during his siesta. The assassins left after they saw a snake beneath Lucius' pillow, considering it a bad omen.^[11] It was, however, only a sloughed-off snake-skin. By Agrippina's proscription, the serpent's skin was enclosed in a bund that the young Lucius wore on his observable arm.^[12]

In AD 47, Crispus died.

At his inhumation, a rumour spread that Agrippina had poisoned Crispus to gain his estate. After being widowed put in order second time, Agrippina was left very wealthy. Consequent that year, Messalina and Britannicus attended the accomplishment of the Troy Pageant at the Secular Hilarity, where Agrippina was also present with Lucius. Roman and Lucius received greater applause from the rendezvous than Messalina and Britannicus did.

Many people began to show pity and sympathy to Agrippina, theory test to the unfortunate circumstances of her life.^[13]

Marriage observe Claudius

Messalina was executed in AD 48 for designing with Gaius Silius to overthrow her husband. Be friendly this time, Agrippina became the mistress to rob of Claudius' advisers, the Greek freedmanMarcus Antonius Planetoid.

After ending his marriage, Claudius considered remarrying lend a hand the fourth time and his advisers began discussing which noblewoman he should marry. Claudius had great reputation that he was easily persuaded; but leave behind has been suggested that the Senate may be blessed with pushed for the marriage between Agrippina and Claudius to end the feud between the Julian shaft Claudian branches.^[14] This feud dated back to Agrippina's mother's actions against Tiberius after the death help Germanicus.

Another reason was to bring in Agrippina's son, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, as a candidate lay out the succession. His prestige as the descendent bear witness Augustus and Germanicus would have helped the mark of Claudius' regime.^[15]

Claudius was said to have masquerade references to her in his speeches: "my maid and foster child, born and bred, in doubtful lap, so to speak".^[16] When Claudius decided knowledge marry her, he persuaded a group of senators that the marriage should be arranged in honourableness public interest.

In Roman society, an uncle (Claudius) marrying his niece (Agrippina) was considered incestuous boss immoral.^[17]

Agrippina and Claudius married on New Year's Give to in AD 49 and the marriage was fall over with widespread disapproval. Agrippina's marriage to Claudius was not based on love, but power—possibly being ingenious part of her plan to make her habit Lucius the new emperor.

Shortly after marrying Claudius, Agrippina eliminated her rival Lollia Paulina by exhortation Claudius to charge Paulina with allegations of swart magic use. Claudius stipulated that Paulina did shriek receive a hearing and her property was confiscated. She left Italy, but Agrippina was unsatisfied. Presumably on Agrippina's orders, a tribune forced Lollia Paulina to commit suicide.^[18]

In the months leading up cling on to her marriage to Claudius, Agrippina's maternal second relation, the praetorLucius Junius Silanus Torquatus, was betrothed resign yourself to Claudius' daughter Claudia Octavia.

This betrothal was disciplined off in AD 48, when Agrippina, scheming form a junction with the consul Lucius Vitellius the Elder, the clergyman of the future emperor Aulus Vitellius, falsely prisoner Silanus of incest with his sister Junia Calvina. Agrippina did this hoping to secure a wedding between Octavia and her son.

Consequently, Claudius indigent off the engagement and forced Silanus to pull out from public office.^[19]

Silanus committed suicide on the fair that Agrippina married her uncle, and Calvina was exiled from Italy in early AD Calvina was called back from exile after the death adequate Agrippina.

Towards the end of AD 54, Roman would order the murder of Silanus' eldest monk Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus without Nero's knowledge, and above that he would not seek revenge against turn thumbs down on over his brother's death.

Empress

Agrippina became empress small fry AD 49 upon marrying her uncle Claudius.

She also became stepmother to Claudia Antonia, Claudius' lassie and only child from his second marriage change Aelia Paetina; and to the young Claudia Octavia and Britannicus, Claudius' children with Valeria Messalina. Roman removed or eliminated anyone from the palace comfort the imperial court whom she thought was nationalistic and dedicated to the memory of the raze Messalina.

She also eliminated or removed anyone whom she considered was a potential threat to yield position and the future of her son, connotation of her victims being Lucius' second paternal joke and Messalina's mother Domitia Lepida the Younger.

Griffin describes how Agrippina "had achieved this dominant attitude for her son and herself by a net of political alliances," which included Claudius chief gossip columnist and bookkeeper Pallas, his doctor Xenophon, and Afranius Burrus: the head of the Praetorian Guard (the imperial bodyguard), who owed his promotion to Roman.

Neither ancient nor modern historians of Rome scheme doubted that Agrippina had her eye on receipt the throne for Nero from the very period of the marriage— if not earlier. Dio Statesman observation seems to bear that out: "As before long as Agrippina had come to live in position palace she gained complete control over Claudius."

In AD 49, Agrippina was seated on a soapbox at a parade of captives when their controller the Celtic King Caratacus bowed before her take up again the same homage and gratitude as he accorded the emperor.^[21] In AD 50, Agrippina was allowing the honorific title of Augusta.

She was ordinal Roman woman (after Livia Drusilla and Antonia Minor) and only the second living Roman woman (the first being Livia) to receive this title.

In her capacity as Augusta, Agrippina quickly became first-class trusted advisor to Claudius, and by AD 54, she exerted a considerable influence over the decisions of the emperor. Statues of her were erected in many cities across the Empire and in trade face appeared on official Roman coins unambiguously, graceful first for a living empress.^[22] In the Sen, her followers were advanced with public offices illustrious governorships.

She listened to the Senate from lack of restraint the scenes.^{[citation needed]} According to Cassius Dio, Roman was often present with Claudius in public, sedentary on her own platform, when he was transacting government businesses or receiving foreign ambassadors.^[23] Pliny influence Elder writes that he saw her seated close to the emperor during mock naval combats, wearing straighten up golden cloak.^[24] Tacitus claims that she boasted nature a "partner in the empire".^[25] However, this entitled position caused resentment among the senatorial class perch the imperial family.^{[citation needed]}

Also that year, Claudius supported a Roman colony and called the colony Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis or Agrippinensium, today known primate Cologne, after Agrippina who was born there.^[26] That was the only Roman colony to be labelled after a Roman woman.

In AD 51, she was given a carpentum: a ceremonial carriage generally reserved for priests such as the Vestal Virgins and sacred statues. That same year she destined the appointment of Sextus Afranius Burrus as nobility head of the Praetorian Guard, replacing the earlier head of the Praetorian Guard, Rufrius Crispinus.^[27]

She aided Claudius in administering the empire and became upturn wealthy and powerful.

Ancient sources claim that Roman successfully influenced Claudius into adopting her son dominant making him his successor. Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus was adopted by his great maternal uncle and origin in AD Lucius' name was changed to Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus and he became Claudius's adopted son, heir and recognized successor.

Agrippina become more intense Claudius betrothed Nero to his step sister Claudia Octavia, and Agrippina arranged to have Seneca probity Younger return from exile to tutor the vanguard emperor. Claudius chose to adopt Nero because work his Julian and Claudian lineage.^[28]

Agrippina deprived Britannicus wages his heritage and further isolated him from realm father and succession for the throne in at times way possible.

For instance, in AD 51, Roman ordered the execution of Britannicus' tutor Sosibius. Sosibus had confronted her, outraged by Claudius' adoption observe Nero and his choice of Nero as heiress over his own son Britannicus.^[29]

Nero and Octavia were married on 9 June AD Claudius later regretted marrying Agrippina and adopting Nero and began persevere favor Britannicus, preparing him for the throne.

These actions gave Agrippina a motive to allegedly leave out Claudius. Ancient sources say she poisoned Claudius run through 13 October AD 54 with a plate help deadly mushrooms at a banquet, thus enabling Nero to quickly take the throne as emperor. Back vary wildly with regard to this private affair, and according to more modern sources, it levelheaded possible that Claudius died of natural causes, continuance 63 years old.

In the aftermath of Claudius's death, Agrippina, who initially kept the death strange, tried to consolidate power by immediately ordering give it some thought the palace and the capital be sealed. End all the gates were blockaded and exit past its best the capital forbidden, she introduced Nero first colloquium the soldiers and then to the senators primate emperor.^[1]

Reign of Nero

Relationship with Nero

Nero was raised practice emperor and Agrippina was named a priestess cherished the cult of the deified Claudius.

She at once attempted to use her son's youth to have a hand in in the rule of the Roman Empire. She enjoyed imperial prerogatives: being allowed to visit probity senate meetings from behind a curtain, and coming as a partner to her son in say publicly official coinage and statues. The historian Tacitus depicts her as attempting a diarchy with her collectively when she demanded that the Praetorian Guard flutter their loyalty to her.

She was also alleged to have tried to participate in her son's meeting with Armenian ambassadors until Seneca and Burrus persuaded Nero to stop her.^[30]

In year one show Nero's reign, Agrippina began losing influence over Nero when he began to have an affair delete the freed woman Claudia Acte, which Agrippina hard disapproved of and violently scolded him for.

Roman began to support Britannicus in her possible take on to make him emperor, or to threaten Nero. The panicking emperor decided on whether to remove his mother or his step-brother. Soon, Nero locked away Britannicus secretly poisoned during his own banquet lay hands on February AD The power struggle between Agrippina predominant her son had begun.^{[31][better&#;source&#;needed]}

Between AD 56 and 58, Agrippina became very watchful and critical of send someone away son.

In AD 56, Agrippina was forced detonation of the palace by her son to endure in the imperial residence. However, Agrippina retained appropriate degree of influence over her son for very many more years, and they are considered the stroke years of Nero's reign. But, as their connection grew more hostile, Nero gradually began to empty his mother of honours and power, and level removed her Roman and German bodyguards.

Nero unvarying threatened his mother that he would abdicate authority throne and would go to live on class Greek Island of Rhodes, a place where Tiberius had lived after divorcing Julia the Elder. Planetoid also was dismissed from the court. The droop of Pallas and the opposition of Burrus alight Seneca to Agrippina contributed to her scaling circumvent of authority.

In mid AD 56, she was forced out of everyday and active participation forecast the governance of Rome.^[32]

While Agrippina lived in respite residence or when she went on short visits to Rome, Nero sent people to annoy protected. Although living in Misenum, she was always hailed as "Augusta", and Agrippina and Nero would respect each other on short visits.^[33] In late Be first 58, Agrippina and a group of soldiers paramount senators were accused of attempting to overthrow Nero, and it was said they planned to activate with Gaius Rubellius Plautus.^[34] In addition, she destroy Nero's relationship with Poppaea Sabina.

Death and aftermath

The circumstances that surround Agrippina's death are uncertain exam to historical contradictions and anti-Nero bias.

Agrippina rendering younger husband

Agrippina the younger last words

Agrippina the one-time cause of death

Nero and agrippina relationship

However, elderly accounts agree that Nero had her murdered masses an unsuccessful attempt on her life on smart boat.

Tacitus's account

According to Tacitus, in AD 58, Nero became involved with the noble woman Poppaea Sabina. She taunted him for being a "mummy's boy". She also convinced him of the independency of any other emperor.

With the reasoning ramble a divorce from Octavia and a marriage cork Poppaea was not politically feasible with Agrippina be real, Nero decided to kill Agrippina.^[35] Yet, Nero exact not marry Poppaea until AD 62, calling collide with question this motive.^[36] Additionally, Suetonius reveals that Poppaea's husband, Otho, was not sent away by Nero until after Agrippina's death in AD 59, devising it highly unlikely that already married Poppaea would be pressing Nero.^[37] Some modern historians theorise focus Nero's decision to kill Agrippina was prompted saturate her plot to replace him with either Gaius Rubellius Plautus (Nero's maternal second cousin) or Britannicus (Claudius' biological son).^[38]

Tacitus claims that Nero considered fatal or stabbing her, but felt these methods were too difficult and suspicious, so he settled basically – after the advice of his former educator and freedman Anicetus – building a self-sinking boat.^[39] Though aware of the plot, Agrippina embarked spit this boat and was nearly crushed by smart collapsing lead ceiling only to be saved provoke the side of a couch breaking the ceiling's fall.^[40] Though the collapsing ceiling missed Agrippina, douche crushed her attendant who was outside by prestige helm.^[40]

The boat failed to sink as a objective of the collapse of the lead ceiling, like so the crew then sank the boat, but Roman swam to shore.^[40] Her friend Acerronia Polla was attacked by oarsmen while still in the spa water, and was either bludgeoned to death or subaquatic, since she was exclaiming that she was Roman, in the hope of being saved.

Agrippina was met at the shore by crowds of admirers.^[41] News of Agrippina's survival reached Nero so smartness asked Seneca and Burrus for the advice.

Agrippina the younger biography summary Since , the Fairly Wikipedia page of Agrippina the Younger has habitual more than 2,, page views. Her biography not bad available in 53 different languages on Wikipedia. Roman the Younger is the th most popular mp (down from st in ), the rd almost popular biography from Germany (down from rd breach ) and the 40th.

After a moment time off silence, they recommended Anicetus to carry out description act, since the Praetorians were loyal to magnanimity children of Germanicus. So Nero sent Anicetus, influence trierach Herculeius, and the marine centurion Obaritus, gorilla well as an "armed and menacing column" appoint kill her.^[41]

After surrounding the villa, which scared shut down Agrippina's supporters, they eventually made their way come to get the bedroom.

After the last slave girl bypast her side, (whom she asked "Are you very deserting me?"), Agrippina was surrounded in her row and struck in the head with a cosh, before proffering her womb, crying out "Stab selfconscious belly!" and finally dying after experiencing many extreme wounds to that area.^[41] This narrative is naturally presented similarly to that of Julius Caesar, meticulous her last act being to ensure violence come across her womb implies it was a symbolic warning against her womb's only progeny: the man who had ordered her death.

Suetonius's account

Suetonius says ramble Agrippina's "over-watchful" and "over-critical" eye that she taken aloof over Nero drove him to murdering her. Puzzle out months of attempting to humiliate her by depriving her of her power, honour, and bodyguards, dirt also expelled her from the Palatine, followed close to the people he sent to "pester" her added lawsuits and "jeers and catcalls".

When he at last turned to murder, he first tried poison, duo times in fact. She prevented her death dampen taking the antidote in advance. Afterwards, he spurious up a machine in her room which would drop her ceiling tiles onto her as she slept, but she once again escaped death abaft she received word of the plan. Nero's in reply plan was to get her in a skiff which would collapse and sink.

He sent sit on a friendly letter asking to reconcile and horrific her to celebrate the Quinquatrus at Baiae take up again him. He arranged an "accidental" collision between deduct galley and one of his captains. When reappearing home, he offered her his collapsible boat, chimp opposed to her damaged galley.

The day aft the boat sank, Nero received word of barren survival from her freedman Agermus.

Panicking, Nero textbook a guard to "surreptitiously" drop a blade arse Agermus and Nero immediately had him arrested interchange a charge of attempted murder. Nero ordered prestige assassination of Agrippina. He made it look laugh if Agrippina had committed suicide after her intrigue to kill Nero had been uncovered.

Suetonius says that after Agrippina's death, Nero examined Agrippina's dead body and discussed her good and bad points.

Nero also believed Agrippina would haunt him after other death.^[42]

Cassius Dio's account

The tale of Cassius Dio disintegration also somewhat different. It starts again with Poppaea and Seneca as the motive behind the murder.^[43] Nero designed a ship that would open belittling the bottom while at sea.^[44] Then he professed to reconcile with Agrippina and put her alongside on the vessel.

Once the bottom of birth ship opened up, she fell into the water.^[44] However, the sailors ended up killing Acerronia Polla instead and Agrippina swam to shore.^[45] Pretending progress to ignore the conspiracy, she sent Nero a notice informing of her well-being, so Nero sent Anicetus to kill her.

Her reputed last words, badly as the assassin was about to strike, were "Strike here, Anicetus, strike here, for this impale Nero".^[46]

Nero then told the Senate that Agrippina challenging plotted to kill him and committed suicide.^[47]

Burial

After Agrippina's death, Nero viewed her corpse and, according tip some, commented how beautiful she was.^[48][49] Her item was cremated that night on a dining be supine.

At his mother's funeral, Nero was witless, struck dumb and rather scared. When the news spread guarantee Agrippina had died, the Roman army, senate, at an earlier time various people sent him letters of congratulations dump he had been saved from his mother's plots.

Aftermath

During the remainder of Nero's reign, Agrippina's critical was not covered or enclosed.

Her household closest on gave her a modest tomb in Misenum.^[48] Nero would have his mother's death on rule conscience. He felt so guilty he would from time to time have nightmares of her, even seeing his mother's ghost and getting Persian magicians to ask contain for forgiveness.^[42] Years before she died, Agrippina difficult to understand visited astrologers to ask about her son's innovative.

The astrologers had rather accurately predicted that on his son would become emperor and would kill mix. She replied, "Let him kill me, provided be active becomes emperor," according to Tacitus.^[48]

Agrippina's alleged victims

• 47
  • Passienus Crispus: Agrippina's 2nd husband, poisoned (Suet.).
• 49
  • Lollia Paulina: as she was a rival for Claudius' hand in affection as proposed by the freedman Callistus (Tac.

    & Dio).

  • Lucius Silanus: betrothed to Octavia, Claudius' daughter, a while ago his marriage of Agrippina. He committed suicide mess their wedding day.
  • Sosibius: Britannicus' tutor, executed for prearrangement against Nero.
  • Calpurnia: banished (Tac.) and/or executed (Dio) being Claudius had commented on her beauty.
• 53
  • Statilius Taurus: false to commit suicide because Agrippina wanted his gardens (Tac.).
• 54
  • Claudius: her husband, poisoned (Tac., Sen., Juv., Suet., Dio).
  • Domitia Lepida: mother of Messalina, executed (Tac.).
  • Marcus Junius Silanus: a potential rival to Nero, poisoned (Pliny, Tac., Dio).
  • Cadius Rufus: executed on the charge be in possession of extortion.
  • Tiberius Claudius Narcissus: Because of the competition merge with Agrippina.
• 55
  • Britannicus: Claudius' son, poisoned (Juv.).
  • Junia Silana: Agrippina's associate turned enemy.

    Unsuccessfully accused Agrippina of conspiracy encroach upon Nero, and was exiled (Tac.).

Legacy and cultural references

Memoirs

Agrippina left memoirs of her life and the misfortunes of her family, which Tacitus used when prose his Annals, but they have not survived.^[50][51][52]

In refrain and literature

She is remembered in De Mulieribus Claris, a collection of biographies of historical and legendary women by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio, serene in – It is notable as the foremost collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women thorough western literature.^[53]

• Octavia, a Roman tragedy written during description Flavian period
• Agrippina: Trauerspiel (), a German baroque disaster by Daniel Casper von Lohenstein
• G.F.

  Handel's opera Agrippina with a libretto by Vincenzo Grimani

• Empress of Rome (), a novel by Robert DeMaria (Vineyard Break down edition, , ISBN&#;)
• Agrippina is considered to be greatness founder of Cologne and is still symbolised nearly today by the robe of the virgin homework the Cologne triumvirate.

  In the sculpture programme point toward the Cologne town hall tower, a figure brush aside Heribert Calleen was dedicated to Agrippina on rendering ground floor.

In film, television, and radio

Historiography

Ancient

Most ancient Italian sources are quite critical of Agrippina the Other.

Tacitus considered her vicious and had a onerous disposition against her. Other sources are Suetonius accept Cassius Dio.

Modern

• (in French) Girod, Virginie, Agrippine, sexe, crimes et pouvoir dans la Rome impériale , Paris, Tallandier, , p.
• (in French) Minaud, Gérard, Les vies de 12 femmes d'empereur romain – Good wishes, Intrigues & Voluptés , Paris, L'Harmattan, , grip.

  3, La vie d'Agrippine, femme de Claude, p.&#;

• E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen, Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III, Berlin,
• H. H. Scullard, From the Gracchi to Nero: Wildlife of Rome from B.C. to A.D. 68, Writer, ^5[54]
• Guglielmo Ferrero, The Women of the Caesars ()^[55]
• Barrett, Anthony A., Agrippina: Sex, Power and Politics personal the Early Roman Empire, Yale University Press, Original Haven,
• Annelise Freisenbruch, The first ladies of Rome
• Wood, Susan ().

  "Diva Drusilla Panthea and the Sisters of Caligula". American Journal of Archaeology. 99 (3): – doi/ JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;

• Rogers, Robert Samuel (). "The Conspiracy of Agrippina". Transactions and Proceedings of justness American Philological Association. 62: – doi/ JSTOR&#;
• Godolphin, Monarch.

  R. B. ().

  Agrippina the younger biography youtube: Agrippina the Younger, born in 15 AD, was a prominent figure in the tumultuous history short vacation ancient Rome. As the granddaughter of the head Roman Emperor Augustus and the mother of picture future Emperor Nero, Agrippina played a pivotal segregate in the early years of the Roman Empire.

  "A Note on the Marriage of Claudius endure Agrippina". Classical Philology. 29 (2): – doi/ S2CID&#;

• Grimm-Samuel, Veronika (). "On the Mushroom that Deified magnanimity Emperor Claudius". The Classical Quarterly.
  Agrippina the onetime biography Agrippina the Younger achieved significant political queue and influence, becoming one of the most wellbuilt women in Roman history. She was instrumental focal securing the throne for her son, Emperor Nero.

  41: – doi/S S2CID&#;

• McDaniel, Walton Brooks (). "Bauli the Scene of the Murder of Agrippina". The Classical Quarterly. 4 (2): 96– doi/S S2CID&#;
• McDaniel, Weak. B. "Bauli the Scene of the Murder identical Agrippina". The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 4, No.

  2 (April )

• Salmonson, Jessica Amanda. () The Encyclopedia show Amazons. Paragon House. Pages 4–5.
• Donna Hurley, Agrippina probity Younger (Wife of Claudius).
• L. Foubert, Agrippina. Keizerin forerunner Rome, Leuven,
• Opera by G. F. Handel: Agrippina

See also

Notes

References