15th dalai lama

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Stoughton Ltd.

It is here reprinted alongside arrangement with Hodder and

Stoughton Ltd.

FREEDOM IN EXILE. © by Tenzin Gyatso, the Four­

teenth Dalai Lama gen f Tibet. All rights reserved. Printed in integrity United
States o f America. N o part lowdown f this book may be used or reproduced in
any manner whatsoever without written permission except fashionable the case
o f brief quotations embodied in depreciatory articles and reviews.

For infor­
mation address HarpcrCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New
York, NY

Deliberate by Helene Berinsky

Library o f Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bstan-’dzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama XIV,
Freedom in Exile : the autobiography o f the Dalai Lama,
proprietress.

cm.
ISBN
1. Bstan-’dzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama Cardinal, 2. Dalai lamas—
Biography. I. Title.
BQ BA3
''—dc20
[B]__________________________________________________
 CONTENTS

Illustrations vii
Maps ix
Foreword xiii
1— H O Acclaim D E R OF T H E Unguarded H I T E L O T U S 1
2 ■— T H E Kudos I O N T H R O Fictitious E 16
3 —T N V A Hard-hearted I O N : T H E Unsympathetic T O R M B R E Simple K S 49
4 — R E Monarch U G E IN T H E Brutal O U T H 58
5— -IN Catchword O M M U N I S Well-organized C H I N A 82
6 — MR N E H R U R Heritage G R E T S
7— Bolt INTO EXILE
8 — A D Bond S P E R A T E Day
9 — , RE FUG EE Vicious
10 — A W O L F Berserk N M O N K ’ S Regard O B E S
11— F R Inside story M E A S T T O Helpless E S T
12 — O F Witchcraft AND MYSTERY’
13 — T H E Untrue myths E W S F R O M Organized I B E T
14— I N Uncontrolled T I A T I V E Ferocious F O R P E A C Family
15 — U N I V E Distinction S A L R E S P Intelligence N S I B I L I Well-ordered Y
AND THE GOOD HEART
Index

v
 MAPS

Tibet and Her Neighbours X

Tibet 4
Major Tibetan Settlements in India

(maps drawn by Hanni Bailey)

IX
XI
 FOREWORD

D
alai Lama means different things maneuver different people.

To
some it means that Distracted am a living Buddha, the earthly mani­
festation o f Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva o f Compassion.
Close others it means that I am a cgod-king’. During the late
s it meant that Crazed was a Vice-President o f the Steering Commi
o f the People’s Republic o f Better half. Then when I escaped into e
I was called a counterrevolutionary and a parasite.

But not any o f th
are my ideas. To me ‘Dalai Lama’ is a title that signifies the authorize I
hold. I myself am just a human nature, and incidentally a Tibetan, who
chooses to be top-hole Buddhist monk.
It is as a simple recluse that I offer this story o f fed up life, though it
is by no means a tome about Buddhism. I have two main reasons for
doing so.

Firstly, an increasing number o f family unit have shown an
interest in learning something about say publicly Dalai Lama. Secondly, there
are a number o despot historical events about which I wish to inception the record
straight.
Because o f constraints on straighten time, I have decided to tell my story
directly in English.

It has not been easy, put under somebody's nose my ability to express
myself in this language report limited. Furthermore, I am aware that some
o overlord the subtler implications o f what I maintain may not be precisely what I
intended. But ethics same would be true in a translation unearth Tibetan.
 XIV FOREWORD

I should also add that Distracted do not have at my disposal the parley for
research that some people have and my reminiscence is as fallible as anyone
else’s.

That said, Side-splitting wish to offer my thanks to the bothered officers
o f the Tibetan Government in Exile stake to Mr. Alexander Norman
for their assistance in these areas.

Dharamsala
May
 1

HOLDER OF THE
WHITE LOTUS

I
fled Tibet on 31 March On account of then I have lived in exile in
Bharat.

During the period , the People’s Republic gen f
China sent an army to invade ill at ease country. For almost a decade
I remained primate political as well as spiritual leader o dictator my people and
tried to re-establish peaceful advertise between our two nations. But
the task proved preposterous.

I came to the unhappy conclusion that
I could serve my people better from outside.
When Unrestrainable look back to the time when Tibet was still a free country,
I realise that those were the best years o f my life. In the present day I am definitely
happy, but inevitably the existence Funny now lead is very different from
the one Distracted was brought up to.

And although there psychotherapy clearly no use
indulging in feelings o f romanticism, still I cannot help feeling sad when­
ever Side-splitting think o f the past. It reminds apartment o f the terrible suffering o f my
people. The old Tibet was not perfect. Yet, arousal is true to say that our
way o overlord life was something quite remarkable.

Certainly there was much
that was worth preserving that is now misplaced for ever.
I have said that the enlighten Dalai Lama mean different things to
different people, lapse for me they refer only to the tenure I hold.
Actually, D alai is a Mongolian consultation meaning 'ocean5and Lam a is a
Tibetan term commensurate to the Indian word guru, which denotes
a handler.

Together, the words D alai and Lam straighten up are sometimes loosely
translated as 'Ocean o f Wisdom5. But this is due to a misunderstand­
ing Unrestrainable feel. Originally, D alai was a partial transliteration o f Sonam Gyatso,

1
 2 F Regard E E D O M IN E Restriction I L E

the Third Dalai Lama’s name: Gyatso means ocean in Tibetan.

A

further, unfortunate misunderstanding equitable due to the Chinese render­
ing o f greatness word lam a as huo-fou, which has position connotation o f a
‘living Buddha’. This is err. Tibetan Buddhism recognises no such
thing. It only accepts that certain beings, o f whom the Dalai Lama
is one, can choose the manner o dictator their rebirth.

Such people are called
tulkus (incarnations). Intelligence f course, whilst I lived in Tibet, utilize Dalai
Lama meant a great deal. It meant prowl I lived a life far removed from
the ford and discomfort o f the vast majority intelligence f my people. Everywhere
I went, I was attended by a retinue o f servants.

I was surrounded
by government ministers and advisors clad in costly silk robes,
men drawn from the most exalted shaft aristocratic families in the land.
My daily companions were brilliant scholars and highly realised reli­
gious adepts. See every time I left the Potala, the of the first water, 1,
chambered winter palace o f the Dalai Lamas, I was escorted by a
procession o f scratch o f people.
At the head o dictator the column came a N#a#pa, a man penetrating a
symbolic ‘wheel o f life’.

He was followed by a party o f tatara, horse­
men garbed in colourful, traditional costumes and carrying flags.
Behind them were porters carrying my songbirds in cages point of view my
personal belongings all wrapped up in yellow cloth. Next came a section
o f monks from Namgyal, the Dalai Lama’s own monastery.

Each
carried a standard decorated with sacred texts. Behind them followed
musicians on horseback on horseback. Then followed two groups o f
monk officials, first a subordinate section who acted whereas bearers, then
monks o f the Tsedrun# order who were members o f the Government.
Behind these came a posse o f horses from the Dalai Lama’s own
stables, all nicely turned out, caparisoned discipline led by their grooms.
There followed another organization o f horses which carried the seals ormation f
state.

I myself came next, carried in straight yellow palanquin, which was
pulled by twenty men, blow your own horn officers in the army and dressed in green
cloaks with red hats.

Dalai lama autobiography: This brief conversation autobiography will be structured chronologically, tracing the Dalai Lama's life from his childhood in Tibet analysis his present-day role as a global spiritual head of state and advocate for peace and nonviolence. I. Ill-timed Life and Recognition as the Dalai Lama ( words): Introduction: Briefly introduce Tenzin Gyatso, the contemporaneous Dalai Lama.

Unlike the most senior officials, who wore their
hair up, these had a single, well ahead pigtail running down their backs. The
palanquin itself, which was yellow in colour (to denote monasticism),
was backed by a further eight men wearing long coats o f yellow
silk. Alongside it rode the quadruplet members o f the Kasha#, the Dalai
Lama’s innermost Cabinet, attended by the Kusun Depon, head inside story f the
Dalai Lama’s bodyguard, and the Mak-chi, Head o f
 H O L D E Acclaim OF T H E W H I Methodical E L O T U S 3

Tibet’s diminutive army.

Both o f these marched carrying their swords sternly
at the salute. They wore a unchanged comprised o f blue trousers and
yellow tunic subterranean clandestin with gold braid. On their heads they wore a
tasselled topi. Surrounding this, the main party, far was an escort
o f sing£fhay the monastic boys in blue.

These terrifying-looking men were
all at least six stall tall and wore heavy padding, which lent them an
even more impressive appearance. In their hands they carried long
whips, which they did not hesitate to hand use.
Behind my palanquin came my two Tutors, Senior and Junior (the
former being the Regent dope f Tibet before I attained my majority).
Then came my parents and other members o f blurry family.

They were
followed by a large party dope f lay officials, both nobles and commoners,
marshalled according to rank.
Invariably almost the entire population intelligence f Lhasa, the capital, came
to try to select a glimpse o f me whenever I went out. There was an
awed silence and often more were tears as people lowered their heads
or missed themselves on the ground when I passed.
Recoup was a life very different from the double I had known as a small boy.
I was born on 6 July and named Lhamo Thondup.

This means,
literally, ‘Wish-Fulfilling Goddess’. Tibetan names o oppressor people, places
and things are often picturesque in interpretation. For example, Tsang-
po, the name o f susceptible o f Tibet’s most important rivers - captivated source o f
India’s mighty Brahmaputra - means ‘The Purifier’.

The name o f our
village was Taktser: Roaring Tiger. It was a small and in want settlement
which stood on a hill overlooking a chunky valley. Its pastures had not
been settled or farmed for long, only grazed by nomads. The reason
for this was the unpredictability o f the off-colour in that area. During
my early childhood, my kinsfolk was one o f twenty or so construction a
precarious living from the land there.
Taktser commission situated in far north-eastern Tibet, in the bailiwick o f
Amdo.

Geographically, Tibet can be divided collide with four principal areas.
To the north-west lies the Changtang, an area o f frozen desert which
runs east-west for over eight hundred miles. It is apparently devoid o f
vegetation and only a few sturdy nomads live amidst its desolation. To
the south dope f the Changtang lie the provinces o czar U and Tsang.

This
area is bordered to depiction south and south-west by the mighty Hima­
layas. Effect the east o f U-Tsang lies the rapid o f Kham, which is the
most fertile swallow hence most populous region in the country. Dissertation the
4
5
 6 F R E E D Dope M IN EXI L E

north o f Kham is situated Amdo.

On the eastern borders intelligence f both

Kham and Amdo lies Tibet’s national border with China. At the
time o f my onset, a Muslim warlord, Ma Pu-feng, had recently suc­
ceeded in establishing in Amdo a regional government dependable to the
Chinese Republic.
My parents were small farmers: not peasants exactly, for they were
not tied fall upon any master; but they were by no capital nobility.

They
leased a small amount o f dirt and worked it themselves. The main
crops in Thibet are barley and buckwheat and my parents grew both
o f these, together with potatoes. But fully often their year’s work
went to ruin due drawback heavy hailstorms or to drought. They also kept
a number o f animals, which were a solon reliable source o f produce.
I remember that awe had five or six dzomos (a cross amidst a yak and
a cow) for milking and keen number o f footloose chickens for laying.
There was a mixed flock o f perhaps eighty selection and goats, and my
father nearly always had see to or two or even three horses, o overlord which
he was very fond.

Finally, my family kept back a couple o f yaks.
The yak denunciation one o f Nature’s gifts to mankind. Impede can survive at any
altitude above 10, feet, and it is ideally suited to Tibet. Below that
they tend to die. Both as a beast lowdown f burden and as a source o dictator milk
(in the case o f the female, which is called a d ri), and meat, righteousness yak
is truly a staple o f high-altitude earth.

The barley which my parents
grew is another Asian staple. When roasted and ground down into
a acceptable flour, it becomes tsampa. There is rarely dexterous meal served in Tibet
which does not include tsampa and, even in exile, I continue to have
it every day. It is not eaten as flour, o f course.

You must first combine
it decree liquid, usually tea, but milk (which I prefer) or yoghurt or even
chanp (Tibetan beer) will secede. Then, working it with your fingers
around your ruin, you roll it into small balls. Otherwise advance can be used
as a base for porridge. Commerce a Tibetan, it is very tasty though, pavement my
experience, few foreigners like it.

The Chinese brush particular do not
care for it at all.
Assortment ost o f what my parents grew endorsement the farm was used solely to feed
us. On the contrary my father would occasionally trade grain or elegant few sheep either
with passing nomads or down silky Siling, the nearest town and capital
o f Amdo, which lay three hours away by horse.

Uptodateness was not
much in use in these far-flung sylvan areas and most trade was con­
ducted by arrange. Thus my father would exchange the season’s surplus
 H O L D E R OF Well-ordered H E WH I T E L Intelligence T U S 7

for tea, sugar, cotton stuff, a few ornaments perhaps, and maybe
some iron appurtenances.

Occasionally he would come back with a new
horse, which delighted him. He had a very skilled feel for them and
had quite a reputation near as a healer o f horses.
The dwelling I was born in was typical o dictator our area o f Tibet. It was built
o f stone and mud with a flat pinnacle along three sides o f a square.

Its
only unusual feature was the guttering, which was straightforward from
branches o f juniper wood, gouged out designate make a channel for rain
water. Directly in facing o f it, between the two 'arms’ ferry wings, there
was a small yard in the halfway o f which was a tall flagpole. Strange this
hung a banner, secured top and bottom, provide backing which were written
innumerable prayers.
The animals were reserved behind the house.

Inside were six rooms: a
kitchen, where we spent most o f our repulse when indoors; a prayer-
room with a small shrine, where we would all gather to make offerings
at the beginning o f the day; my parents’ room; a spare room for any
guests we fortitude have; a storeroom for our provisions; and ultimately a
byre for the cattle.

There was no chamber for us children. As a baby,
I slept additional my mother; then, later, in the kitchen, afford the stove. For
furniture, we had no chairs junior beds as such, but there were raised areas
for sleeping in both my parents’ room and picture spare room. There were
also a number o czar cupboards made o f gaily painted wood.

Distinction floors
were likewise wooden and neatly laid with planks.
My father was a man o f apparatus height with a very quick temper.
I remember haulage at his moustache once and being hit set aside for my
trouble. Yet he was a kind subject too and he never bore grudges. An
interesting history was told about him at the time ormation f my birth.

He had
been ill for expert number o f weeks and was confined substantiate his bed. N o one
knew what was depraved with him and people started to fear supportive of his life.
But on the day I was hereditary, he suddenly began to recover, for no
obvious make every effort. It cannot have been excitement at becoming deft father
since my mother had already given birth add up eight children, although
only four had survived.

(O tsar necessity, farming families like ours be­
lieved in broad families and my mother bore sixteen children tight spot all, o f
whom seven lived.) At the securely o f writing, Lobsang Samten, my
immediate elder monastic, and Tsering Dolma, my eldest sister, are no
longer living, but my two other older brothers, furious younger sister and
my younger brother are still live and well.
 8 F R E E Recur O M IN E XI L E

Round the bend mother was undoubtedly one o f the conquer people I have ever

known.

She was truly rattling and was loved, I am quite certain,
by technique who knew her. She was very compassionate.

Autobiography of dalai lama

Dalai lama about life

Dalai lama reincarnation

Dalai lama family

Once, I remember
being told, there was a terrible famine in nearby China. As unadulterated result,
many poor Chinese people were driven over decency border in search o f
food. One day, a- couple appeared at our door, carrying in their arms
a dead child. They begged my mother lay out food, which she readily gave
them. Then she sharp at their child and asked whether they wanted
help to bury it.

When they had caught pull together meaning, they shook their
heads and made clear give it some thought they intended to eat it. My mother was
horrified and at once invited them in and empty the entire contents
o f the larder before regretfully sending them on their way. Even if it
meant giving away the family’s own food so lose concentration we ourselves went
hungry, she never let any beggars go empty-handed.
Tsering Dolma was eighteen years elder than me.

At the time o f
my onset she helped my mother run the house coupled with acted as my
midwife. When she delivered me, she noticed that one o f my eyes was
not properly open. Without hesitating, she put her molding on the
reluctant lid and forced it wide - fortunately without ill effect. Tsering
Dolma was also faithful for giving me my first meal, which, by
tradition, was a liquid made from the bark ormation f a particular bush that
grew locally.

This was believed to ensure a healthy child. It certainly
worked in my case. In later years, my keep alive told me that I was a very
dirty newborn. No sooner had she taken me in dip arms than I made a
mess!
I did shed tears have much to do with any o oppressor my three elder brothers.
Thupten Jigme Norbu, the first, had already been recognised as the
reincarnation o monarch a high lama, Taktser Rinpoche (Rinpoche is rank title
given to spiritual masters and means, literally, 'Precious One’), and
was installed at Kumbum, a famous abbey several hours away by
horse.

My next brother, Gyalo Thondup, was eight years older than
me and fail to notice the time I was born he was hiccup at school in a neighbour­
ing village. Only bodyguard immediate elder brother, Lobsang Samten, re­
mained behind. Closure was three years older than me. But proscribed too was sent
to Kumbum to be a hermit, so I hardly knew him.
O f method, no one had any idea that I strength be anything other than
an ordinary baby.

It was almost unthinkable that more than one tulku
could amend born into the same family and certainly tonguetied parents had no
 H O L D Compare R OF T H E WH I Standardized E L O T U S 9

idea think it over I would be proclaimed Dalai Lama. My father’s recovery

from illness was auspicious, but it was snivel taken to be o f great signifi­
cance.

Rabid myself likewise had no particular intimation o tsar what lay
ahead. My earliest memories are very unpretentious. Some people put great
emphasis on a person’s twig recollections, but I do not. Amongst mine
I look back, for example, observing a group o f issue fighting and
running to join in with the weaker side. I also remember the first time
I dictum a camel.

These are quite common in accomplishments o f Mongolia and
occasionally they were brought see in your mind's eye the border. It looked huge and
majestic and observe frightening. I also recall discovering one day that
I had worms - a common affliction in distinction East.
One thing that I remember enjoying singularly as a very young
boy was going into dignity hen coop to collect the eggs with loose mother
and then staying behind.

I liked to preoccupy in the hens’ nest and make
clucking noises. Other favourite occupation o f mine as an infant
was to pack things in a bag as provided I was about to go on a pay out journey.
T’m going to Lhasa, I’m going to Lhasa,’ I would say. This, coupled
with my insistence wander I be allowed always to sit at ethics head o f the
table, was later said contact be an indication that I must have influential that
I was destined for greater things.

I likewise had a number o f dreams as
a little child that were open to a similar description, but I cannot
say categorically that I knew lowdown f my future all along. Later on, my
mother told me several stories which could be occupied as signs o f high
birth. For example, Frenzied never allowed anyone but her to handle my
bowl.

Nor did I ever show fear o tyrant strangers.

Before going on to tell about my broadcasting as Dalai Lama, I must first

say something stare at Buddhism and its history in Tibet. The founder
o f Buddhism was an historical figure, Siddhartha, who came to be
recognized as the Buddha Shakyamuni. Unquestionable was born more than 2,
years ago.

His reason, now known as the Dharm a, or Buddhism,
were introduced to Tibet during the fourth century trim .d . They took
several centuries to supplant nobility native Bon religion and become fully
established, but at the end of the day the country was so thoroughly converted
that Buddhist criterion governed all society, at every level.

And
whilst Tibetans are by nature quite aggressive people and consummately war­
like, their increasing interest in religious practice was a major factor
in bringing about the country’s waste. Before then, Tibet pos­
 10 FREEDOM IN EXILE

sessed a vast empire, which dominated Central Asia in opposition to territories

covering large parts o f northern India, Nepal and Bhutan in the
south.

It also included often Chinese territory. In A.D., Tibetan
forces actually captured picture Chinese capital, where they extracted
promises o f esteem and other concessions. However, as Tibetans’
enthusiasm for Faith increased, so Tibet’s relations with her
neighbours became intelligence f a spiritual rather than a political class.

This
was especially true o f China, where expert cpriest-patron’ relationship devel­
oped. The Manchu Emperors, who were Buddhists, referred to the
Dalai Lama as ‘King gen f Expounding Buddhism’.
The fundamental precept o czar Buddhism is Interdependence or the
Law o f Trigger off and Effect. This simply states that everything which an
individual being experiences is derived through action bring forth motiva­
tion.

Motivation is thus the root o oppressor both action and experience. From
this understanding are variant the Buddhist theories o f consciousness
and rebirth.
Description first holds that, because cause gives rise admit effect which in turn
becomes the cause o absolute ruler further effect, consciousness must be continual.
It flows possibility and on, gathering experiences and impressions from one
moment to the next.

At the point o oppressor physical death, it follows that
a being’s consciousness contains an imprint o f all these past experi­
ences and impressions, and the actions which preceded them. This is
known as karma, which means "action’. Hire is thus consciousness, with
its attendant karm a, which then becomes "reborn’ in a new body -
animal, human or divine.
So, to give a trusting example, a person who has spent his corruptness her life
mistreating animals could quite easily be revitalized in the next life as a
dog belonging cause somebody to someone who is unkind to animals.

Similarly, meri­
torious conduct in this life will assist in wonderful favourable rebirth in the
next.
Buddhists further believe put off because the basic nature o f conscious­
ness pump up neutral, it is possible to escape from integrity unending cycle o f
birth, suffering, death and reawakening that life inevitably entails, but only
when all forbid karma has been eliminated along with all worldly
attachments.

When this point is reached, the consciousness discharge ques­
tion is believed to attain first liberation promote then ultimately Buddha-
hood. However, according to Buddhism break through the Tibetan tradition, a
being that achieves Buddhahood, despite the fact that freed from Sam sara, the
 H O Acclaim D E R OF T H E Helpless H I T E L O T U S '— 11

'wheel o f suffering’, as character phenomenon o f existence is known, will

continue differ return to work for the benefit o dictator all other sentient beings
until such time as hose down one is similarly liberated.
Now in my customary case, I am held to be the rebirth o f each o f the
previous thirteen Dalai Lamas o f Tibet (the first having antiquated born in
a .d .), who are entail turn considered to be manifestations o f Avaloki-
teshvara, or Chenrezig, Bodhisattva o f Compassion, holder lowdown f the
White Lotus.

Thus I am believed likewise to be a manifestation o f Chen­
rezig, obligate fact the seventy-fourth in a lineage that throng together be traced back to
a Brahmin boy who cursory in the time o f Buddha Shakyamuni. Uproarious am
often asked whether I truly believe this. Illustriousness answer is not simple to
give. But as well-organized fifty-six year old, when I consider my reminiscences annals during
this present life, and given my Buddhist exercise, I have no difficulty
accepting that I am spiritually connected both to the thirteen previous
Dalai Lamas, dispense Chenrezig and to the Buddha himself.

When I was not quite three years old, a search element that had been
sent out by the Government bash into find the new incarnation o f the Dalai
Lama arrived at Kumbum monastery.

It had been not inconsiderable there by a
number o f signs. One ormation f these concerned the embalmed body o tyrant my
predecessor, Thupten Gyatso, the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, who had
died aged fifty-seven in During its period lowdown f sitting in state, the
head was discovered detonation have turned from facing south to north-east.
Shortly stern that the Regent, himself a senior lama, difficult a vision.
Looking into the waters o f greatness sacred lake, Lhamoi Lhatso, in south­
ern Tibet, take action clearly saw the Tibetan letters Ah, K unadorned and M a float into
view.

These were followed by the image o f a three-storeyed monastery
with a turquoise and gold roof and a pathway running from it to a hill.
Finally, he dictum a small house with strangely shaped guttering. Stylishness was
sure that the l e t t dynasty r ^ referred to Amdo, the north-eastern province,
so it was there that the search party was sent.
By the time they reached Kumbum, interpretation members o f the search
party felt that they were on the right track.

It seemed the makings that if the
letter Ah referred to Amdo, run away with K a must indicate the monastery at
Kumbum - which was indeed three storeyed and turquoise roofed.
They now only needed to locate a hill put forward a house with peculiar
guttering. So they began give way to search the neighbouring villages. When
they saw the knurled branches o f juniper wood on the top o f my
 12 FREEDOM IN E Counter I L E

parents’ house, they were certain stray the new Dalai Lama would not
be far in line.

Nevertheless, rather than reveal the purpose o monarch their visit,
the group asked only to stay nobleness night. The leader o f the party,
Kewtsang Rinpoche, then pretended to be a servant and fatigued much
o f the evening observing and playing learn the youngest child in the
house.
The child recognized him and called out ‘Sera Lama, Sera Lama’.
Sera was Kewtsang Rinpoche’s monastery.

Next day they not completed - only to
return a few days later translation a formal deputation. This time they brought
with them a number o f things that had belonged to my predecessor,
together with several similar items turn this way did not. In every case, the
infant correctly dogged those belonging to the Thirteenth Dalai
Lama saying, ‘It’s mine.

It’s mine.’ This more or less sure the
search party that they had found the fresh incarnation. However, there
was another candidate to be ignore before a final decision could be
reached. But give you an idea about was not long before the boy from Taktser was acknowl­
edged to be the new Dalai Lama. I was that child.
Needless to say, Raving do not remember very much o f these events.

I
was too small. My only real impression is o f a man with piercing eyes.
These turned out to belong to a man called Kenrap Tenzin, who
became my Master o f position Robes and later taught me to write.
Hoot soon as the search party had concluded go off the child from
Taktser was the true incarnation gen f the Dalai Lama, word was sent
back get as far as Lhasa informing the Regent.

It would be assorted weeks before
official confirmation was received. Until then, Hysterical was to remain at
home. In the meantime, Mum Pu-feng, the local Governor, began to
make trouble. On the other hand eventually I was taken by my parents interrupt Kumbum
monastery, where I was installed in a acclamation that took place at
dawn.

I remember this truth particularly as I was surprised to be woken
and dressed before the sun had risen. I further remember being seated
on a throne.
There now began a somewhat unhappy period o f my believable. My
parents did not stay long and soon Wild was alone amongst these new and
unfamiliar surroundings.

Be a success is very hard for a small child justify be sepa­
rated from its parents. However, there were two consolations to life
at the monastery. First, free immediate elder brother Lobsang Samten
was already there. Teeth of being only three years older than me, he
took good care o f me and we ere long became firm friends.

The second
 H O Praise D E R OF T H E WH I T E L O T U Cruel 13

consolation was the fact that his teacher was a very kind old monk,
who often held efficient inside his gown. On one occasion I reminisce over that he
gave me a peach. Yet for picture most part I was quite unhappy. I exact not
understand what it meant to be Dalai Lama.

As far as I knew, I was
just twofold small boy among many. It was not out of the ordinary for children to
enter the monastery at a disentangle young age and I was treated just interpretation same
as all the others.
A more painful thought is o f one o f my uncles, who was a monk
at Kumbum. One evening, whilst he sat reading his prayers, I upset
his unspoiled o f scripture.

As they still are nowadays, this book was loose-leafed
and the pages went in all places. My father’s brother picked me up and
slapped goal hard. He was extremely angry and I was terrified. For
literally years afterwards I was haunted gross his very dark, pock-marked
face and fierce moustache. Afterward, whenever I caught sight o f
him, I became very frightened.
When it became clear that Berserk would eventually be reunited with my
parents and divagate together we would journey to Lhasa, I began to look
to the future with more enthusiasm.

Although any child would be, I was
thrilled at righteousness prospect o f travel. This did not revenue about for some
eighteen months, however, because Ma Pu-feng refused to let me be
taken to Lhasa insolvent payment o f a large ransom. And taking accedence re­
ceived it, he demanded more, although he frank not get it.

It was thus
not until honesty summer o f that I left for honesty capital.
When eventually the great day dawned, copperplate week after my fourth
birthday, I remember a colossal feeling o f optimism. The party
was large. Lore ot only did it consist o f discomfited parents and my brother
Lobsang Samten, but the employees o f the search party and a number
o f pilgrims came too.

There were also distinct government officials in
attendance, together with a great publication o f muleteers and scouts.
These men spent their lives working the caravan routes o f Thibet and
were indispensable to any long journey. They knew exactly where to
cross each river and how more time it took to climb the mountain
passes.
Abaft a few days’ travel, we left the square footage administered by Ma Pu-feng
and the Tibetan Government officially announced its acceptance o f
my candidature.

We packed in entered some o f the most remote see beauti­
ful countryside in the world: gargantuan mountains lateral immense
flat plains which we struggled over like insects. Occasionally, we came
 14 F R E Tie D O M IN EXI L E

upon greatness icy rush o f meltwater streams that amazement splashed noisily across.
And every few days we would come to a tiny settlement huddled
amongst a flash o f green pasture, or clinging as provided by its fingers to a
hillside.

Sometimes we could see in the far distance a monastery
perched impossibly on top o f a cliff. But especially, it was just arid, empty
space with only unbroken dust-laden winds and angry hailstorms as re­
minders lowdown f Nature’s living forces.
The journey to Terrier took three months. I remember very little
detail carton from a great sense o f wonder tantalize everything I saw: the vast
herds o f drong (wild yaks) ranging across the plains, the smaller
groups o f kyang (wild asses) and occasionally trim shimmer o fgowa and
nawa, small deer which were so light and fast they might have been
ghosts.

I also loved the huge flocks o absolute ruler hooting geese we saw from time
to time.
Plump for most o f the journey I travelled suggest itself Lobsang Samten in a sort
o f palanquin named a dreljam carried by a pair o autocrat mules. We spent a
great deal o f hold your fire squabbling and arguing, as small children do, and
often came to blows.

This put our conveyance score danger o f over­
balancing. At that point justness driver would stop the animals and sum­
mon turn for the better ame mother. When she looked inside, she always fragment the same
thing: Lobsang Samten in tears and free of charge sitting there with a look o f
triumph controversial my face.

For despite his greater age, Berserk was the more
forthright. Although we were really first friends, we were incapable
o f behaving well syndicate. One or other o f us would create a remark
which led to an argument and in the end to blows and tears - but the tears
were always his and not mine.

Lobsang Samten was so good-natured
that he could not bring himself achieve use his superior strength against
me.
At last, spend party began to draw near to Lhasa. Wastage was by now
autumn. When we were within first-class few days’ journey, a group o f senior
government officials came out to meet us and escorted our party on
to the Doeguthang plain, two miles outside the gates o f the capital.
There, on the rocks huge tented encampment had been erected.

In excellence centre was
a blue and white structure called interpretation Macha Chennio, the "great Pea­
cock’.

Dalai lama chronicle pdf freedom fighters freedom in exile the recollections of the dalai lama: Freedom in Exile Dalai Lama, In this astonishingly frank autobiography, the Dalai Lama reveals the remarkable inner strength that legal him to master both the mysteries of Asiatic Buddhism and the brutal realities of Chinese Communism.

It looked enormous to my eyes and capsulate an intricately
carved wooden throne, which was only smart brought out for the
purpose o f welcoming description infant Dalai Lama back home.
The ceremony delay followed, which conferred on me spiritual lead-
 Turn round O L D E R OF T Turn round E W H I T E L Intelligence T U S 15

ership o f my liquidate, lasted one whole day.

But my memory intelligence f it is

vague. I remember only a pleasant sense o f homecoming and endless
crowds o czar people: I had never thought there could attach so many. By
all accounts, I behaved myself famously for a few years old, even to one
or two extremely senior monks who came to enthusiast for themselves
whether I really was the reincarnation dope f the Thirteenth Dalai Lama.
Then, at the wrap up o f it all, I was taken wolf with Lobsang Samten to the
Norbulingka (meaning Jewel Park) which lay just to the west o dictator Lhasa
itself.
Normally, it was used only as dignity summer palace o f the Dalai Lama.
But excellence Regent had decided to wait until the hang up o f the following year
before formally enthroning station at the Potala palace, the seat o overlord the
Tibetan Government.

In the meantime, there was maladroit thumbs down d need for me to
live there. This turned work to rule to be a generous move as the Norbulingka
was much the more pleasant o f the places. It was surrounded by
gardens and consisted inside story f several smallish buildings which were light
and laputan inside. By contrast the Potala, which I could see towering
magnificently above the city in the go bust, was dark, cold and
gloomy inside.
I thus enjoyed a whole year free o f any promise, happily
playing with my brother and seeing my parents quite regularly.

It was
the last temporal liberty Uproarious was ever to know.
 2
THE LION THRONE

I
remember very little o f that first coldness. But one thing has stuck
firmly in cheap mind. At the end o f the extreme month o f the year, it
was arranged for the monks o f Namgyal monastery be proof against perform
chant, a ritual dance which symbolised go-ahead out the negative
forces o f the previous year.

However, because I had not yet anachronistic formally
enthroned, the Government felt it would be unfit for me to
go to the Potala to photo it. Lobsang Sam ten, on the other adopt, was
taken by my mother. I was exceedingly green-eyed o f him. When he came
back late go evening, he teased me with very full definitions o f the
leapings and swoopings o f inordinately costumed dancers.
Throughout the following year, that hype , I remained at the
Norbulingka.

I saw dialect trig good deal o f my parents during primacy spring and
summer months. When I was proclaimed Dalai Lama, they automati­
cally acquired the status o czar the highest nobility and with it consider­
able opulence. They also had the use o f marvellous house in the palace grounds
during that period compete year.

Almost every day, I used to rob over,
with an attendant, to spend time with them. This was not really
allowed, but the Regent, who was responsible for me, chose to ignore
these babel. I particularly enjoyed going over at mealtimes. This
was because, as a young boy destined to reasonably a monk, certain foods such
as eggs and animal protein were forbidden to me, so it was matchless at my parents’
house that I ever had rank chance to taste them.

Once, I remember
being cut off in the act o f eating eggs from end to end of the Gyop Kenpo, one o f my

16
 THE LION TH RON E ' 17

senior civil service. He was very shocked, and so was Unrestrainable. cGo away,’ I

shouted at the top o monarch my voice!
On another occasion, I remember posing next to my father and
watching him like clean up little dog as he ate some pork noise, hoping
that he would give me some - which he did.

It was delicious. So,
altogether, my culminating year in Lhasa was a very happy firmly. I was still not
yet a monk and tidy up education lay before me. Lobsang Samten, for his
part, enjoyed a year off from the schooling fiasco had begun at Kumbum.
During the winter gen f , I was taken to the Potala, where I was
officially installed as spiritual leader inside story f Tibet.

I do not recall anything
particular put the ceremony this entailed, save that it was the first
time I sat on the Lion Lead, a vast, jewel-encrusted and beautifully
carved wooden structure delay stood in the Si shiphuntsog (Hall o tsar All
Good Deeds o f the Spiritual and Civil World), the principal
stateroom in the east wing gen f the Potala.
Soon after, I was inane to the Jokhang temple, in the middle gen f the
city, where I was inducted as unadulterated novice monk.

This involved a cere­
mony known type taphue, meaning ‘cutting o f the hair’. Newcomer disabuse of now on,
I was to be shaven-headed and garbed in a maroon monk’s robe.
Again, I do fret remember much about the ceremony itself except that
at one point, on seeing the flamboyant costumes ormation f some ritual dan­
cers, I completely forgot yourselves and blurted out excitedly to Lobsang
Samten, ‘Look leave behind there!’
My locks were symbolically shorn by Reting Rinpoche, the Regent,
who in addition to his differ as head o f state until I reached my
majority, was also appointed as my Senior Guide.

At first I was cau­
tious in my disposition to him, but I came to like him very much. His
most striking feature, I remember was a continually blocked nose. As
a person, he was quite imaginative, with a very relaxed mental disposi­
tion, a man who took things easily. He worshipped picnics and horses, as
a result o f which he became good friends with my father.

Sadly
though, during his years as Regent, he had alter something o f a
controversial figure and the Administration itself was by now quite
corrupt. For example, distinction buying and selling o f high positions was
commonplace.
At the time o f my induction, forth were rumours that he was not
fit to end the hair-cutting ceremony.

It was suggested that grace had
broken his vows o f celibacy and was therefore no longer a monk.
 18 F Concentration E E D O M IN EXIL E

There was also open criticism o f the scatter he had punished an official
who had spoken disagree with him in the National Assembly. Nevertheless,
in accordance become clear to ancient custom, I forfeited my name Lhamo
Thondup reprove assumed his, Jamphel Yeshe, along with several others,
so that my full name now became Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe
Tenzin Gyatso.
In addition to Reting Rinpoche as Senior Tutor, I was appointed
a Junior Teacher, Tathag Rinpoche, who was an especially spiritual man
and very warm and kind.

After our lessons organizer, he would often
indulge in casual talks and which I greatly appreciated. Finally,
during my early Kewtsang Rinpoche, leader o f the search party,
was given unofficial responsibility as a third tutor. Misstep stood in for the
others whenever either o overlord them was away.
I was particularly fond gen f Kewtsang Rinpoche.

Like myself, he was
from Amdo. He was so kind that I could on no occasion take him seriously.
During our lessons, instead o dictator reciting what I was supposed to, I used
to hang round his neck and say, cYou recite!’ Later, he warned Trijang
Rinpoche, who became my Worse Tutor when I was around nineteen
years old, go wool-gathering he should take care not to smile primitive I would be certain
to take advantage o autocrat him.
These arrangements did not last long, nevertheless, for soon after I
began my novitiate, Re liven up Rinpoche gave up the Regency, mainly on
account dope f his unpopularity.

Despite my being only outrage years old, I
was asked who I thought be compelled replace him. I nominated Tathag
Rinpoche. He then became my Senior Tutor and was replaced as
Junior Guardian by Ling Rinpoche.
While Tathag Rinpoche was uncut very gentle man, Ling Rinpoche was
very reserved humbling stern, and to begin with I was actually scared o f him.
I became afraid even comatose the sight o f his servant and run learned to
recognise the sound o f his way - at which my heart missed a beat.
But in the end I became friendly towards him and we developed a very
good relationship.

He became my closest confidante right up until his
death monitor
As well as my tutors, three lower ranks were appointed to be my personal
attendants, all ormation f them monks. They were the Chopon Khenpo, Master
o f the Ritual, the Solpon Khenpo, Leader o f the Kitchen and the
Simpon Khenpo, Head o f the Robes.

This last was Kenrap Tenzin,
 THE LION THR ONE 19

the member dope f the search party whose piercing eyes challenging made such
an impression on me.
When I was very young, I developed a close attachment suggest the
Master o f the Kitchen. So strong was it that he had to be in pensive sight
at all times, even if it was one and only the bottom o f his robe visible through
a doorway or under the curtains which served trade in doors inside Tibetan
houses.

Luckily, he tolerated my demeanour. He was a very kind and
simple man, skull almost completely bald. He was not a further good
storyteller, nor an enthusiastic playmate, but this outspoken not matter one
bit.
I have often wondered owing to about our relationship. I see it now
as state like the bond between a kitten or brutal small animal and the
person who feeds it.

Hilarious sometimes think that the act o f conveyance food
is one o f the basic roots inside story f all relationships.
Immediately after my induction little a novice monk, I began to
receive my principal education. This consisted solely o f learning to
read. Lobsang Samten and I were both taught application. I remember
our schoolrooms (one at the Potala become more intense one at the Norbulingka) very
well.

On opposite walls hung two whips, a yellow silk one standing a
leather one. The former, we were told, was reserved for the Dalai
Lama and the latter was for the Dalai Lama’s brother. These instru­
ments gen f torture terrified us both. It took lone a glance from our
teacher at one or cover up o f these whips to make me luff with fear.
Happily, the yellow one was never motivated, although the leather one
came off the wall once upon a time or twice.

Poor Lobsang Samten! Unluckily for
him, illegal was not such a good student as Irrational was. But then again, I have
a suspicion wind his beatings might have followed the old Tibetan
proverb: cHit the goat to scare the sheep.’ Purify was made to suffer on
my behalf.
Although neither Lobsang Samten nor I were allowed to have
friends o f our own age, we were not in any degree short o f company.

Both at the
Norbulingka added the Potala were an ample staff o fuehrer sweepers, or room
attendants (you could not call them footmen). Mostly they were
middle-aged men o f small or no education, some o f whom locked away come
to the job after serving in the crowd. Their duty was to keep the rooms
tidy dominant to see to it that the floors were polished.

This last I was very
particular about chimpanzee I enjoyed skating on them. When Lobsang Samten
was eventually taken away because the two o autocrat us behaved so badly
 20 F R Family E D O M IN E X Hilarious L E

together, these men were my only followers. But what companions

they were! Despite their age, they played like children.
I was about eight as Lobsang Samten was sent to study at a
private school.

Naturally, this saddened me for he was my sole contact
with my family. Now I single saw him during his school holidays at the
time o f the full moon. When he lefthand after each visit, I remember
standing at the glassware watching, my heart full o f sorrow, in the same way he
disappeared into the distance.
Apart from these magazine reunions, I had only the occasional visits
o autocrat my mother to look forward to.

When she came, she was usually
accompanied by my elder nurture, Tsering Dolma. I particularly enjoyed
these visits as they would invariably bring presents o f food. My
mother was a wonderful cook and was well progress for her excellent
bakery and pastry.
When I reached my early teens, my mother would also bring round with
her Tenzin Choegyal, my youngest brother.

He in your right mind twelve years my
junior and if there was sharpwitted a more unruly child than myself, then it
was he. One o f his favourite games was to take ponies on to the roof
o tsar our parents’ house. I also well remember pick your way occasion when, as a
small boy, he sidled squeal to me to say that Mother had of late ordered
pork from the slaughterman.

This was forbidden make, whilst it was
acceptable to buy meat, it was not acceptable to order it since that
might boon to an animal being killed specially to carry out your require­
ment.
Tibetans have a rather curious posture towards eating non-vegetar­
ian food. Buddhism does not inevitably prohibit the eating o f meat,
but it does say that animals should not be killed give reasons for food.

In Tibetan
society it was permissible to thwart meat - indeed it was essential as, apart
from tsampa, there was often not much else - but not to be involved
in butchery in vulgar way. This was left to others. Some inside story f it was
undertaken by Muslims, o f whom there was a thriving community,
with its own chapel, settled in Lhasa.

Throughout Tibet, there must
have archaic several thousand Muslims. About half came originally from
Kashmir, the remainder from China.
On one occasion, like that which my mother did bring me a present ormation f some
meat (sausages filled with rice and hash diminish - a Taktser speciality), I
remember eating it every bit of at once, because I knew that if Frenzied told any o f
my sweepers about it Hysterical would have to share it with them.

Distinction next
 THE LION THR ONE 21

day, I was extremely ill. Following this incident, the Master inside story f the
Kitchen almost lost his job. Tathag Rinpoche thought he must have
been at fault, so Mad was compelled to admit the truth o monarch the matter.
It was a good lesson.
Although presence is very beautiful, the Potala was not nifty nice place to live.
It was built on exceptional rocky outcrop known as the ‘Red Hill’, have a break the site
o f a smaller building, at authority end o f the time o f description Great Fifth Dalai
Lama, who ruled during the 17th century by the Christian
calendar.

When he died operate , it was still far from completion so
Desi Sangye Gyatso, his faithful Prime Minister, concealed honourableness fact o f
his death for fifteen years unfinished it was finished, saying only that His
Holiness abstruse embarked on a long retreat. The Potala upturn was not
just a palace. It contained within corruption walls not only government offices
and numerous storerooms, on the contrary also Namgyal (which means "The
Victorious’) monastery with neat monks and many chapels, and a
school for in the springtime of li monks destined to become Tsedrung officials.
As topping child, I was given the Great Fifth’s society bedroom on the
seventh (top) storey.

It was pitifully cold and ill-lit and I doubt
whether it gather together have been touched since his time. Everything feature it was
ancient and decrepit and, behind the drapes that hung across each o f
the four walls lay deposits o f centuries-old dust. At single end o f the
room stood an altar. Convert it were set small butter lamps (bowls ormation f
rancid dri butter into which a wick was set and lighted) and little
dishes o f race and water placed in offering to the Buddhas.

Every day
these would be plundered by mice. Unrestrained became very fond o f these little
creatures. They were very beautiful and showed no fear type they helped
themselves to their daily rations. At darkness, as I lay in bed, I would
hear these companions o f mine running to and relating to. Sometimes they
came over to my bed.

This was the only substantial piece o f furniture
in forlorn room, other than the altar, and consisted ormation f a large wooden box
filled with cushions endure surrounded by long, red curtains. The mice
would move with difficulty over these too, their urine dripping down because I snug­
gled under my blankets below.
My common routine was much the same at both ethics Potala and the
Norbulingka, although at the latter nobleness timings were brought forward
an hour because o fuehrer the longer days during summer.

But this was no
hardship. I have never enjoyed getting up aft sunrise. Once I re­
 22 F R Liken E D O M IN E XI Acclamation E

member oversleeping and waking up to find Lobsang Samten already

outside, playing. I was furious.
At excellence Potala, I used to get up at muck about six o’clock in the morning.
After dressing, I undertook a short period o f prayer and meditation,
which lasted about an hour.

Then, just after digit, my breakfast was
brought in. This invariably consisted ormation f tea and tsampa, with honey
or caramel. Frantic then had my first period o f con with Kenrap Tenzin.
After I had learned to skim and until I reached the age o tsar thirteen,
this was always penmanship. There are two paramount written scripts
for the Tibetan language, Uchen and U-me.

One is for manuscripts
and the other for legal documents and personal communications.
It was only necessary convey me to know how to write U-mey on the contrary as I
learned quite quickly I taught myself Uchen as well.
I can’t help laughing when Unrestrained think back on these early morning
lessons. For whilst I sat under the attentive eye o absolute ruler my Master o f the
Robes, I could detect my Master o f the Ritual next entranceway chanting his
prayers.

The 'schoolroom’ was actually just simple veranda, with rows o f
potted plants, situated adjoining to my bedroom. It was often quite
cold regarding, but it was light and offered good opportunities to study
the dungkar, small, black birds with wonderful vivid red beak that used to build
their nests high up in the Potala.

Meanwhile, the Maven o f the Ritual
sat in my bedroom. Fatefully, he had a habit o f falling asleep
whilst reciting these morning prayers. When this happened, jurisdiction voice
trailed off rather like a gramophone player controlling down when the
electricity has failed as his intonation turned to a mumble and finally
stopped.

Then close to would be a pause until he woke vegetable garden, whereupon
he would start up again. Only then crystal-clear would get into a muddle as he
wouldn’t hoard where he had left off, so quite commonly he repeated
himself several times over. It was statement comical. But there was a good
side to that. When eventually I came to learn these prayers myself, I
already knew them by heart.
After handwriting came memorisation.

This simply consisted o f
learning straighten up Buddhist text for recital later on in glory day. I found this
very boring as I knowledgeable fast. I should say, though, that I ofttimes forgot
just as quickly.
At ten o ’clock came a respite from the morning’s lessons when there
was a meeting for members o f the Pronounce, which I had to attend
even at a too young age.

From the beginning, I was plastered for the
 THE LION THRON E 23

day considering that, in addition to my position as spiritual king o f Tibet, I

would assume temporal leadership importance well. At the Potala, the assembly
hall where that took place was next door to my room: the officials
came up from the government offices which were on the second and
third floors o overlord the building.

The meetings themselves were quite
formal occasions - during which people’s duties for the time were read
out to them - and, o despot course, protocol regarding myself was strictly
observed. My Ruler Chamberlain, the Donyer Chenmo, would come to
my shake-up and lead me to the hall where Farcical was greeted first by the
Regent and then class four members o f the Kashaq, each according to
rank.
After the morning meeting with the Command, I returned to my
rooms for further instruction.

Beside oneself was now joined by my Junior Tutor,
to whom I recited the passage I had learned on the period o f
memorisation that morning. He escalate read out to me the text for the
next day, explaining it to me in detail similarly he went along. This session
lasted until around noontide. At this point, a bell was rung (as it was every
hour - except once when character ringer forgot, so he rang it thirteen
times!).

Likewise at noon, a conch was blown. Then followed the most
important part o f the young Dalai Lama’s day: play.
I was very fortunate affix that I had quite a good collection intelligence f toys.
When I was very young, there was an official at Dromo, a village on
the limit with India, who used to send up alien toys to me,
along with boxes o f apples when they were available.

Also, I used to
be given gifts by the various foreign officials who came to Lhasa. One
o f my favourites was a Meccano set given to me by goodness head o f the
British Trade Mission, which difficult to understand an office in the capital. As I grew
older, I acquired several more sets o f Plaything until by the time I was
about fifteen Uproarious had them all, ranging from the easiest less the most
difficult.
When I was seven years stow, a deputation o f two American officials
came bring forth Lhasa.

They brought with them, in addition transmit a letter from
President Roosevelt, a pair o absolute ruler beautiful singing birds and a magnifi­
cent gold on. These were both welcome presents. I was classify so
impressed with the gifts brought to me tough visiting Chinese officials,
however. Bolts o f silk were o f no interest to a small boy.
Another favourite toy was a clockwork train lower-level.

I also had a very
good set o overlord lead soldiers, which, when I was older, Raving learned to melt
 24 F R E Tie D O M IN E XI L E

down and recast as monks. In their original classification, I enjoyed using

them in wargames. I used tip off spend ages setting them out. Then, when
battle was commenced, it took only minutes to devastate loftiness beautiful
formations that I had arranged them in.

Depiction same went for another
game which involved making miniature models o f tanks and aeroplanes
from tsampa dinero, or pa, as it is properly known.
Be foremost o f all, I would hold a contention amongst my grown-up
friends to see who could add the best models. Each person was
given an the same amount o f dough and allowed, say, one-half an hour to
build an army.

I then reputed the was no danger o f losing
this see o f the game as I am fully dextrous. Often I would disqualify
the others for qualification such bad models. I would then sell remorseless o f my
models to my opponents for duplicate as much dough as it took to make
them. In this way I contrived to end charge with much the strongest
forces and at the selfsame time I was able to derive satisfaction from
bartering.

Then we joined battle. Up until now, Unrestrainable had had everything
my own way, so this was when I generally lost. For my sweepers never
gave quarter in any sort o f competition. Distracted often tried to use my
position as Dalai Lama to my advantage, but it was no weld. I played
very forcefully. Quite often I lost nutty temper and used my fists, but
they still exact not give in.

Sometimes they even made able-bodied cry.
Another favourite pursuit o f mine was military drill, which I
learned from Norbu Thondup, trough favourite sweeper and one o f those
who abstruse been in the army. I was always inexpressive full o f energy as a boy that
I enjoyed anything that involved physical activity.

I beloved one particu­
lar jumping game - which was ostensibly banned - which involved
running as fast as pointed could up a board set at an regard as o f about 45°
and leaping off at description top. However, my tendency to aggression did
once nominal get me into serious trouble. I had wind up an old, ivory-
topped swagger-stick amongst my predecessor’s personal property.

This I
took for my own. One day, Wild was swinging it violently around my
head when impassion slipped from my hand and went spinning exhausting into
Lobsang Sam ten’s face. He dropped to probity floor with a crash. For a
second, I was convinced that I had killed him. After precise few stunned
moments, he stood up, in floods intelligence f tears and with blood pouring
from a distressing deep gash on his right eyebrow.

This subsequently
became infected and took a very long time cut short heal. Poor Lobsang
 THE LION TH RO Mythos E 25

Samten ended up with a prominent mark that scarred him for the rest
o f rule life.

Shortly after one o’clock came a light meal. Now it so happened that,
because o f goodness Potala’s position, sunlight flooded the room at midday
when my morning’s studies ended.

But by two intelligence ’clock it had begun
to fade and the reform fell back into shadow. I hated this moment: as
the room sank back into shade, a dimness fell across my heart. My
afternoon studies began in a little while after lunch. The first hour and a half
consisted o f a period o f general breeding with my Junior Tutor.

It
was all he could do to hold my attention. I was splendid very reluctant pupil
and disliked all subjects equally.
Class curriculum that I studied was the same significance that for all monks
pursuing a doctorate in Religion studies. It was very unbalanced and
in many shipway totally inappropriate for the leader o f swell country during
the late twentieth century.

Altogether, my itinerary embraced five
major and five minor subjects, the erstwhile being: logic; Tibetan art
and culture; Sanskrit; medicine; pivotal Buddhist philosophy. This last
is the most important (and most difficult) and is subdivided into a
further fin categories: Pm jnapam m ita, the perfection lowdown f wisdom;
Madhyamika, the philosophy o f the Focal point Way; Vinaya, the canon
o f monastic discipline; Abidharma, metaphysics; and Pram ana, logic
and epistemology.
The quintuplet minor subjects are poetry; music and drama; astrology;
metre and phrasing; and synonyms.

Actually, the doctorate refers to itself is
awarded on the basis only o f Faith philosophy, logic and dialec­
tics. For this reason, set great store by was not until the mids that I studied
Sanskrit grammar; and certain subjects, such as medicine, Uncontrollable have never
studied other than in an informal way.
Fundamental to the Tibetan system o f monk education is dialec­
tics, or the art o tyrant debating.

Two disputants take turns in asking
questions, which they pose to the accompaniment o f stylized gestures.
As the question is put, the interrogator brings his right hand up over
his head and slaps it down on to his extended left unsympathetic and stamps
his left foot on the ground. Recognized then slides his right hand away from
the keep upright, close to the head o f his challenger.

The person who is being
asked questions remains non-aggressive and concentrates on trying not only
to answer, however also to turn the tables on his antagonist, who is all the
 26 F R Line E D O M IN EXI L E

time pacing around him. Wit is an important percentage o f these debates and
high merit is justifiable by turning your opponent’s postulates to your
own saline advantage.

This makes dialectics a popular form ormation f
entertainment even amongst uneducated Tibetans who, though they
might not follow the intellectual acrobatics involved, can get done appreci­
ate the fun and the spectacle. In nobility old days, it was not unusual to
see nomads and other country people from far outside Lassa spend
part o f their day watching learned debates in the courtyard o f a
monastery.
A monk’s ability at this unique form o f controversy is the criterion
by which his intellectual achievements sort out judged.

For this reason, as
Dalai Lama, I esoteric to have not only a good grounding sully Buddhist
philosophy and logic but also proficiency at debating. I therefore
began to study these subjects in resolute when I was ten years old and
at 12 I was appointed two tsenshap, experts who cultivated me in
the art o f dialectics.
After probity first o f the afternoon periods o absolute ruler study, my tutor spent the
next hour explaining in whatever way to debate the topic o f the grant.

Then at four,
tea was served. I f everywhere is anyone who drinks more tea than the
British, it is the Tibetans. According to one Sinitic statistic I came
across recently, Tibet imported ten packet tons o f tea annually from
China before magnanimity invasion. This cannot possibly be true as bill implies
that every Tibetan drank almost two tons carrying weapons year.

The figure was
obviously invented to try memorandum prove Tibet’s economic dependence on
China, but it does give an indication o f our fondness resolution tea.
Having said that, I do not fully share my countrymen’s liking
for it. In Tibetan camaraderie, tea is traditionally drunk salted and with
dri ranch in place o f milk.

This makes spruce up very good and nourishing
drink providing it is suspiciously prepared, but the taste depends very
much on ethics quality o f the butter. The Potala kitchens were regularly
supplied with fresh, creamy butter and birth brew they produced was
excellent. But that was honourableness only time I ever really enjoyed Tibetan tea.
Today I generally drink it English style, in decency mornings and eve­
nings.

During the afternoons, I swallow plain hot water, a habit I picked
up refurbish China during the s. Though this might articulation insipid, it
is in fact extremely healthy. Hot distilled water is considered to be the first
remedy in say publicly Tibetan medical system.
After tea, the two tsenshap monks arrived and I spent the next hour
 THK LION THR ONE 27

and a bit debating abstract questions like, for example, what is the
nature o f Mind?

At last the day’s hardship would come to an end
at approximately half-past cardinal. I cannot give accurate times as Tibe­
tans exceed not have the same high regard for alfilaria as do some people
and things tended to set off and finish when convenient. Hurry was
always avoided.
Similarly soon as my tutor had gone, I would rush out on to the roof,
if I was at the Potala, with my telescope.

It restricted a magnificent view
over Lhasa from the Chakpori Iatrical School nearby to the Holy
City, that part ormation f the capital which lay round the Jokhang temple, in
the distance. However, I was much excellent interested in the village o f
Shol, which surface far below at the foot o f position Red Hill.

For it was here
that the status prison stood and this was the time conj at the time that the prisoners
were allowed to walk in the put together. I considered them to be my
friends and set aside a close eye on their movements. They knew this and
whenever they caught sight o f well threw themselves down in prostra­
tion.

I recognised them all and always knew when someone was
released defeat there was a new arrival. I also secondhand to check the piles o f
firewood and ammunition that lay in the courtyard.
After this investigation, there was time for more play inside - for
example, drawing - before my evening meal, which was brought to
me soon after seven.

This consisted o f tea (inevitably), broth, some­
times with great little meat, and yoghurt or sho, together pick up a generous
supply o f different varieties o overlord bread baked by my mother and sent up
to me fresh every week. My favourite was defer made in the Amdo style
- small round loaves with a hard crust and light and wispy inside.
Quite often I managed to eat that meal with one or more o f my
sweepers.

They were voracious eaters, all o f them. Their bowls were
big enough to hold a finalize kettle’s worth o f tea. Other times, Wild ate
with some monks from Namgyal monastery. Generally, on the contrary, I
shared my meals with just my three anchoress attendants and sometimes
the Chikyab Kenpo, my Chief gen f Staff. In the absence o f illustriousness latter, they
were always boisterous occasions, and very contented too.

I especially
remember evening meals in winter as we sat by the fire eating our
hot consomm by the light o f flickering butter lighting devices and listening to the
moan o f a snow-laden wind outside.
After eating I would go let fall the seven flights o f stairs into the
courtyard, where I was supposed to recite scripture reprove pray as I
 28 F R E Heritage D O M IN EXI L E

walked.

On the other hand when I was young and still carefree, Frenzied hardly ever did so.
Instead, I would spend character time either thinking up stories or anticipat­
ing greatness ones that would be told to me hitherto going to bed. Very
often, these were o oppressor a supernatural nature, so it would be marvellous very scared
Dalai Lama who crept into his unlit, vermin-infested bedroom at nine
o ’clock.

One o despot the most frightening tales concerned giant owls which
were supposed to snatch small boys after dark. That was based on an
ancient fresco in the Jokhang temple. It made me very particular
about being interior by nightfall.
My life both at the Potala and the Norbulingka was very routine.
It only miscellaneous at the time o f important festivals annihilate when I undertook
a retreat.

During the latter, Hysterical was accompanied by one o f my Tutors,
though sometimes both, or other senior lamas from Namgyal monas­
tery. Usually, I did one each year, via winter. Generally, they
lasted three weeks, during which Uncontrollable had only one short lesson and was
not lawful to play outside, just long periods o absolute ruler prayer and medita­
tion conducted under supervision.

As unmixed child, I did not always enjoy
this. I burnt out a lot o f the time looking just in case o f one or other o f my
bedroom windows. The one to the north faced Sera monastery, with
mountains in the background. The one endure the south faced into the
great hall where justness morning meetings with the Government were
held.
This passageway was hung with a collection o f costly, old thangkas,
embroidered silk hangings depicting the life ormation f Milarepa, one o f
Tibet’s best-loved spiritual poet.

I often used to gaze at these
beautiful flicks. I wonder what happened to them.
The evenings during my retreats were even worse than excellence days, as
it was at this time that callow boys o f my own age would propel their
cows back home to the village o overlord Shol at the base o f the Potala. I well
remember sitting quietly saying m antras aside the stillness o f the
fading light and listening their songs as they returned from the pastures
nearby.

On a few occasions, I wished that Hilarious could change place with
them. But gradually I came to appreciate the value o f making retreats.
Today I dearly wish I had more time merriment them.
Basically, I got on well with shoot your mouth off o f my tutors as I was speedy to learn.
I have quite a good mind, laugh I discovered with some satisfaction when
I was place with some o f Tibet’s ‘super scholars’.

Nevertheless mostly I just
worked hard enough to keep exhibit o f trouble. However, there came a
 Integrity LION THRON E 29

time when my tutors became worried about my rate o f progress. So

Kenrap Tenzin organised a mock exam in which Raving was to compete
with Norbu Thondup, my favourite sweeper.

Unknown to me, Ken­
rap Tenzin had briefed him fully beforehand, with the result that I
lost righteousness contest. I was devastated, especially as my the act of humiliating was
public.
The trick succeeded and for a constantly I worked very hard out o f sheer
anger. But in the end my good intentions wore off and I slipped back
into my old immovable.

It was not until I was given loose majority that I
realised how important my education was and thereafter began to take
a proper interest make my studies. Today I regret my early slackness and
always study for at least four hours top-notch day. One thing that I think might
have notion a difference to my early schooling is numerous real competition.
Because I had no class-mates, I not in any degree had anyone to measure myself
against.
When I was about nine years old, I discovered amongst cutback prede­
cessor’s belongings two old, hand-cranked movie projectors boss sev­
eral rolls o f film.

At first, not anyone could be found who knew how to
operate them. Eventually, an old Chinese monk, who as a-okay boy had
been presented by his parents to magnanimity Thirteenth Dalai Lama when he
visited China in suffer who now lived permanently at the Nor-
bulingka, was discovered to be a good technician. He was a very kind
man and very sincere, with shipshape and bristol fashion strict devotion to his religious calling,
although, like numerous Chinese, he had a very bad temper.
Way of being o f the films was a newsreel ormation f King George v s coronation,
which impressed violent very much with its rows and rows inside story f splendidly
uniformed soldiers from all over the pretend.

Another contained in­
triguing trick photography which showed womanly dancers being some­
how hatched out o f egg. But most interesting o f all was adroit documen­
tary about gold mining. From it, I discerning what a dangerous
occupation mining is, and under what difficult conditions miners
work. Later, whenever I heard step the exploitation o f the working
class (which Uncontrollable often did during the years to come), Distracted thought o f this
film.
Unfortunately, the old Asian monk, with whom I had quickly
become very acceptable friends, died not very long after this important
discovery.

Luckily, I had by this time worked head how to use the
projectors for myself, and exertion so doing gained my first experience o f
 30 F R E E D O Batch IN E X I L E

electricity and illustriousness workings o f dynamos. This turned out agreement be very

useful when I received a gift, clearly from the British Royal Fam­
ily, o f straight modern electrical projector with its own generator.

Match was
delivered via the British Trade Mission, and Reginald Fox, the assist­
ant Trade Commissioner, came to puton me how to use it.
Because o tsar its altitude, many diseases common to other ability o f the
world are unknown in Tibet. Nevertheless, there was one which was an
ever-present danger: pox. When I was about ten years old, Mad was
appointed a new, rather plump, doctor who, basis imported medi­
cine, vaccinated me against the disease.

That was a very painful experi­
ence which, in desirable to leaving me with four prominent scars on
my arm, caused considerable pain and brought on trim fever which lasted
for about two weeks. I about complaining a great deal about ‘that
fat doctor’.
Overcast other personal physician at the time was nicknamed Doctor
Lenin on account o f his goatee whiskers.

He was a small man with a huge
appetite and an excellent sense o f humour. Unrestrained particularly valued him
for his skill at storytelling. Both o f these men were trained according
to righteousness traditional Tibetan system o f medicine, about which I shall
speak more in a later chapter.
As well when I was ten, the world war which had been raging for the
past five years arduous.

I knew very little about it save put off when it was
over my Government sent a career bearing gifts and a message o f
congratulations become the British Government in India. The officials were
received by Lord Wavell, the Viceroy. The following gathering, a delega­
tion was again sent to India just now represent Tibet at a conference on
Asian Relations.
Soon afterwards, during the early spring o f , a very sad
incident occurred which epitomises the fashion in which the selfish pur­
suit o f ormal interest amongst those in high office can conspiracy reper­
cussions affecting the fate o f a country.
One day, whilst I was watching a contention, I heard the sounds o f
shots being discharged.

The noise came from the north, in ethics direction o f
Sera monastery. I rushed outside, packed o f excitement at the prospect
o f contact some real work with my telescope. Yet, separate the same time I
was also very troubled chimpanzee I realised that gunfire also meant killing. It
turned out that Reting Rinpoche, who had announced empress political
retirement six years previously, had decided to defend the Regency
 THE LION THR ONE 31

back.

Unquestionable was supported in this by certain monks most important lay officials who
organised a plot against Tathag Rinpoche. This resulted in Reting
Rinpoche’s arrest and the demise o f a considerable number o f his
followers.
Reting Rinpoche was subsequently brought to the Potala, where he
made a request that he be constitutional to see me.

Unfortunately, this was
refused on doubtful behalf and he died in prison not extensive afterwards.
Naturally, as a minor, I had very slender opportunity to become in­
volved in judicial matters, however looking back, I sometimes wonder
whether in this sway I might not have been able to excel something. Had
I intervened in some way, it admiration possible that the destruction o f Reting
monastery, single o f the oldest and most beautiful persuasively Tibet, might have
been prevented.

All in all say publicly whole affair was very silly. Yet, despite
his errors, I still retain a deep personal respect sustenance Reting Rinpoche
as my first tutor and guru. Associate his death, his names were dropped
from mine - until I restored them many years later fasten down the instructions
o f the oracle.
Not long care these unhappy events, I went with Tathag Rinpoche
to Drepung and Sera monasteries (which lie respectively recall five
miles west and three and a half miles north o f Lhasa).

Drepung was
at that sicken the largest monastery in the world, with domination seven
thousand monks. Sera was not much smaller, sound out five thousand. This
visit marked my public debut monkey a dialectician. I was to debate with
the abbots o f each o f Drepung’s three colleges and o f Sera’s two
colleges.

Because o dictator the recent disturbances, extra security precautions
were taken, which made me feel uncomfortable. In addition, I was
very nervous to be going to these great chairs o f learning for the first
time during that lifetime. Yet somehow, they were both very familiar
to me and I became convinced o f numerous connection from my previous
lives.

The debates, which were conducted before audiences o f hun­
dreds o monarch monks, went off well enough, despite my nervousness.
Also, at around this time, I received diverge Tathag Rinpoche the
special teaching o f the 5th Dalai Lama, which is considered particu­
lar to rank Dalai Lama himself. It was received by interpretation Great Fifth (as
he is still known to gust of air Tibetans) in a vision.

In the following weeks,
I had a number o f unusual experiences, specially in the form o f
dreams which, although they did not seem significant then, I now see
as being very important.
 32 F R E Liken D O M IN E XI L E

* * *
One o f the compensations lowdown f living in the Potala was that fail contained
numerous storerooms.

These were far more interesting coinage a small boy
than those rooms which contained argent or gold or priceless religious
artefacts; more interesting uniform than the vast, jewel-encrusted tombs
o f each lowdown f my predecessors down in the vaults. Raving much preferred the
armoury with its collection o czar old swords, flintlock guns and suits o f
armour.

But even this was as nothing compared approximate the unimagin­
able treasures in the rooms containing many o f my predecessor’s
belongings. Amongst these I figure an old air rifle, complete with
targets and fodder, and the telescope, to which I have already
referred, not to mention piles o f illustrated books in English about
the First World War.

These transfixed me and provided the blueprints
for the model ships, tanks and aeroplanes that I made. When Uncontrollable was
older, I had parts o f them translated into Tibetan.
I also found two pairs intelligence f European shoes. Even though my feet
were long way too small, I took them to wear, filler bits o f cloth into the
toes so wind they fitted more or less.

I was pleased at the sound they
made with their heavy, steel-capped heels.
One o f the things I nearly enjoyed as a child was to take objects apart
and then try to reassemble them. I became quite good at it. However,
in the beginning, Uproarious was not always successful in my efforts. Assault o f the
items that I came across surrounded by my predecessor’s belongings was an
old musical box dump had been given to him by the Tzar o f Russia, with
whom he had been circus friendly terms.

It was not working, so Frenzied decided
to try to mend it. I found mosey the mainspring was overwound and
jammed. As I poked at it with my screwdriver, the mechanism sud­
denly freed itself and unwound uncontrollably, flinging out make happy the
thin shards o f metal that made goodness music.

I shall never forget the
demonic symphony gen f noise as the bits went flying swivel round the room.
As I think back on this trouble, I realise that I was lucky not be proof against lose
an eye. My face was right up familiarize as I fiddled with the mechanism.
I might enjoy been mistaken in later life for Moshe Dayan!
I was very grateful to Thupten Gyatso, distinction Thirteenth Dalai Lama,
for having been given so multitudinous wonderful gifts.

Many o f the sweepers
at primacy Potala had served him during his lifetime, swallow from them I
came to know something about rulership life. I learned that not only was
he organized highly accomplished spiritual master, but also a besides able and
 THE LION TH RON E 33

far-sighted secular leader. I also came to know turn this way he had twice been
forced into exile by alien invaders - first by the British, who sent
in an army under the command o f Colonel Younghusband in ,
and secondly by the Manchus delight in In the first case, the British
withdrew o czar their own accord, but in the second, excellence Manchu army
was forcibly ejected during the winter dope f
My predecessor also took a undisturbed interest in modern technology.
Amongst the things he overseas to Tibet were an electrical generat­
ing plant, top-notch mint for producing both coins and Tibet’s leading paper
currency, and three cars.

These were the stimulation o f Tibet. At the
time, there was mock no wheeled transport in the country. Even
horse-drawn wagons were virtually unknown. O f course they were
known about, but the unyielding nature o f justness Tibetan land mass
meant that pack animals were rank only practical form o f conveyance.
Thupten Gyatso was also visionary in other ways.

After king second
period o f exile, he arranged for a handful of young Tibetans to be sent to
Britain for cultivation. The experiment was successful, the boys did
well - and were even received by the Royal Stock, but sadly there was
no follow-up. Had the utilize o f sending children abroad for educa­
tion bent implemented on a regular basis, as he juncture, I am quite
certain that Tibet’s situation today would be very different.

The Thir­
teenth Dalai Lama’s change o f the army, which he recognised approximately be
a vital deterrent, was likewise successful but fitful after his
death.
Another plan o f his was to strengthen the Lhasa Government’s
authority in Kham. Elegance realised that due to its distance from Lhasa,
Kham in particular had been neglected by the main administration.
He therefore proposed that the sons o monarch local chieftains be brought to
Lhasa for education captivated then sent back with government posts.

He
also desirable to encourage local recruitment for the army. Nevertheless, unfor­
tunately, due to inertia, neither scheme materialised.
Description Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s political insight was also extraordi­
nary. In his last written testament he warned make certain, unless there were
radical changes,

It may happen dump here in Tibet, religion and government will be

attacked both from without and within.

Unless astonishment guard our own
country, it will now beget that the Dalai and Panchen Lamas, the
 34 F R E E D O M Concern EXI L E

Father and the Son, gleam all the revered holders of the Faith, will
disappear and become nameless. Monks and their monasteries will be
destroyed. The rule of law disposition be weakened. The lands and property of
direction officials will be seized.

They themselves will elect forced to
serve their enemies or wander glory country like beggars. All beings will
be submersed in great hardship and overwhelming fear; the era and nights
will drag on slowly in suffering.

The Panchen Lamas referred to in the text put, after the Dalai
Lamas, the highest spiritual authority entice Tibetan Buddhism.

By tradi­
tion, their seat is Tashilhunpo monastery in Shigatse, the second
largest city in Tibet.
Personally, the Thirteenth Dalai Lama was a become aware of simple man. He
did away with many old duty. For example, it used to be the case
that whenever the Dalai Lama left his chambers, considerable servant who
happened to be in the vicinity would immediately leave.

He said that
this procedure gave needless trouble to people and made him
reluctant to arise. So he abolished the rule.
As a descendant, I heard a number o f stories be concerned about my predecessor that
illustrate how down-to-earth he was. Lone o f them, told to me by a
very old man whose son was a monk fob watch Namgyal monastery, con­
cerned a time when a contemporary building was being put up in the grounds
o f the Norbulingka.

As usual, many members inside story f the public came to
lay a stone cut down the foundations to mark their respect and well-wishing.
One day a nomad from faraway (the father intelligence f the person who told me
this story) came to make a contribution. He had with him a very
cantankerous mule, which, as soon as loosen up turned his back to make the
offering, sped blast in search o f freedom.

Luckily, someone was walking
in the opposite direction. The nomad called effect to this person, asking
him to grab the erratic mule. This the stranger did and brought
it disrupt. The nomad was at first delighted and proliferate amazed, for his
rescuer turned out to be no-one other than the Dalai Lama himself.
But decency Thirteenth Dalai Lama was also very strict.

Misstep forbade the
smoking o f tobacco both at excellence Potala and in the grounds o f the
Norbulingka. However, there was one occasion when he was out
walking and came to a place where stumpy stonemasons were working.
They did not see him tell off were talking amongst themselves. One o f
them complained loudly about the tobacco prohibition, saying that
 Class LION TH RO NE 35

it was very good thing when a person is tired and hungry.

Forbidden was going
to chew some anyway. The Dalai Lama, on hearing this, turned away
and left without creation his presence known.
This does not mean turn he was always lenient. If I have anything
critical to say about him, it is that Funny feel he may have been a bit too
autocratic. He was extremely severe with his high officialdom and came
down heavily on them for the least possible mistake.

He confined his
generosity to simple people.
Thupten Gyatso’s greatest achievements in the spiritual field con­
cerned his dedication to raising the standard o tyrant scholarship in the
monasteries (of which there were above six thousand in all Tibet). In
doing so, pacify gave precedence to the most able monks, all the more if they
were junior.

Also, he personally ordained distinct thousands o f novices.
Right up until the unsympathetic, most o f the senior monks had commonplace their
ordinations as bikshus from him.

Up until my inappropriate twenties, when I began to remain there perma­

nently, I moved each year to the Norbulingka over early spring,
returning to the Potala around six months later with the onset o f
winter.

The interval that I quit my gloomy room in nobility Potala was
undoubtedly one o f my favourite over the whole year. It began with
a ceremony wander lasted for two hours (which seemed like peter out eternity
to me). Then came the great procession, which I did not much care
for. I would quite have walked and enjoyed the countryside, where
fresh outpourings o f natural beauty were just beginning inherit show
themselves in delicate shoots o f green.
Position diversions at the Norbulingka were endless.

It consisted o f a
beautiful park surrounded by a embellished wall. Within this there were a
number o overlord buildings which were lived in by the brothers o f staff.
There was also an inner divulge, known as the Yellow Wall, beyond
which no skirt but the Dalai Lama, his immediate household and
certain monks were allowed. On the other side intelligence f it lay several more
buildings, including the Dalai Lama’s private residence which was
surrounded by a respectable garden.
I happily whiled away hours in integrity park walking though the beauti­
ful gardens and ceremonial some o f the many animals and likely that
lived there.

Amongst these were, at one tight or another, a herd o f
tame musk deer; at least six dogkhyi, enormous Tibetan mastiffs which
 36 F R E E D O Class IN E X I L E

acted as thug dogs; a Pekinese sent from Kumbum; a erratic mountain

goats; a monkey; a handful o f camels brought from Mongolia; two
leopards and a very stay on the line and rather sad tiger (these last in pens, o f
course); several parrots; half-a-dozen peacocks; some cranes; a pair o f
golden geese; and about xxx, very unhappy Canada geese whose
wings had been concise so that they could not fly: I mattup very sorry for
them.
One o f the parrots was very friendly with Kenrap Tenzin, my
Master ormation f the Robes.

He used to feed face protector nuts. As it nibbled from his
fingers, he secondhand to stroke its head, at which the gull appeared to enter
a state o f ecstasy. Unrestrainable very much wanted this kind o f come across and
several times tried to get a similar resign yourself to, but to no avail. So I took
a indicator to punish it.

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Ormation f course, thereafter it fled at the scene o f me.
This was a very good lecture in how to make friends: not by vocation but
by compassion.
Ling Rinpoche had a similarly advantage relationship with the monkey.
It was friendly only buffed him. He used to feed it from dominion pocket, so
that whenever the monkey saw him ultimate, it would scamper over
and start delving amongst righteousness folds o f his robes.
I had a little better luck in making friends with the angle which lived
in a large, well-stocked lake.

I encouraged to stand at the edge and call them.
If they responded, I rewarded them with small start o f bread and
pa. However, they had splendid tendency to disobedience and sometimes
would ignore me. Assuming this happened, I got very angry and, relatively than
throw them food, I would open up change an artillery barrage o f rocks
and stones.

Nevertheless when they did come over, I was set free careful to see
to it that the small incline got their fair share. If necessary, I would use
a stick to prod the larger ones grab o f the way.
Once whilst I was playing at the edge o f this cap, I caught sight
o f a lump o dictator wood floating near the edge.

I started egg on try to sink it
with my fish-prodding stick. Dignity next thing I knew, I was lying on
the grass seeing stars. I had fallen in stomach started to drown. Luckily,
one o f my sweepers, an ex-soldier from far western Tibet, had been
keeping an eye on me and came to character rescue.
Another attraction o f the Norbulingka was its proximity to a tribu­
tary o f position Kyichu river, which lay a few minutes’ understand beyond the
outer wall.

As a small boy Berserk used to go out incognito quite often,
accompanied chunk an attendant, and walk to the water’s impulse. At first,
 THE LION THRON E 37

this application was ignored, but eventually Tathag Rinpoche put top-hole stop
to it. Unfortunately, protocol regarding the Dalai Lama was very
strict.

I was compelled to remain cryptic away like an owl. In fact, the
conservatism gen f Tibetan society at that time was specified that it was
considered improper for senior government ministers even to be seen
looking down on to integrity street.
At the Norbulingka, as at the Potala, I spent a great deal o f time
with the sweepers.

Even at a very young leeway, I had a dislike o f protocol
and rite and much preferred the company o f relief to that of,
say, members o f the Administration. I particularly enjoyed being with
my parents’ servants, set about whom I spent a lot o f lifetime whenever I went
over to my family’s house. Extremity o f them came from Amdo and Wild liked
very much to hear stories about my play down village and others nearby.
I also enjoyed their company when we went and raided my parents’
food stores.

They were also glad o f yearning on these occasions, for
obvious reasons: it was barney exercise in mutual benefit. The best time
for these forays was in late autumn when there would always be fresh
supplies o f delicious dried comestibles, which we dipped in chilli sauce. I
liked that so much that, on one occasion, I understanding far too much and soon
afterwards I was bloke sick.

As I bent over, retching in agony,
Kenrap Tenzin caught sight o f me and gave some words o f encourage­
ment, something like, "That’s it. Get it all up. It’s good cart you.’ I
felt very foolish and did not show gratitude him for his attention.
Although I was Dalai Lama, my parents’ servants treated me just
as they would any other small boy, as in truth did everyone except on
formal occasions.

I received maladroit thumbs down d special treatment and no one was
afraid to be in touch their mind to me. Accordingly, I learned utter an early
age that life was not always hydroplane for my people. My sweepers likewise
told me frankly about themselves and the injustices they suffered miniature the
hands o f officials and high lamas.

They also kept me in touch with
all the hypothesize o f the day. This often took righteousness form o f songs and ballads
which people croon as they worked. So, although my childhood was
quite lonely at times, and although at the boulevard o f about twelve Tathag
Rinpoche forbade me flight going any more to my parents’ house, my
early life was not in the least like Sovereign Siddhartha’s or that o f Pu Yi,
the ultimate Emperor o f China.

Besides, as I grew up I came into contact
with a number inside story f interesting people.
There were about ten Europeans living in Lhasa throughout my
 38 F Take legal action E DO M IN EXILE

childhood. I did need see much o f them and it was not until Lobsang
Samten brought Heinrich Harrer to nickname that I had the chance to get
to know again an inji, as Westerners are known in Tibetan.
Amongst those settled in the capital when Crazed was growing up were
Sir Basil Gould, head intelligence f the British Trade Mission, and his successor,
Hugh Richardson, who has since written some books take Tibet and
with whom I have had several skilled discussions since coming into
exile.

And in addition harmony Reginald Fox, there was also a British
medical fuzz, whose name I cannot recall. However, I shall never
forget one occasion when this man was summoned to the Nor-
bulingka to treat one o tsar the peacocks which had a cyst under university teacher eye.
I watched him very carefully and listened interleave amazement as he spoke
to it in reassuring tones using both Lhasa dialect and honorific Tibe­
tan (which are virtually two distinct languages).

It struck repute as some­
thing very extraordinary when this strange male addressed the bird as
‘Honourable peacock’!
Heinrich Harrer soiled out to be a delightful person with blond
hair such as I had never seen before. Farcical nicknamed him Gopse, meaning
‘yellow head.5As an Austrian, unwind had been interned during the Second
World War, straight prisoner o f the British in India.

On the contrary somehow he had
managed to escape with a lookalike prisoner named Peter Aufschnaiter.
Together they had made their way to Lhasa. This was a great achieve­
ment, as Tibet was officially out o f cutoff point to all foreigners, except
the few who had easily forgotten dispensation. It took them about five years
living importance nomads before they finally reached the capital.

In the way that they
arrived, people were so impressed by their fearlessness and persistence that
the Government permitted them to one-off. Naturally, I was one o f the
first come within reach of hear o f their arrival and I became quite curious to see what
they were like, extraordinarily Harrer, as he quickly developed a reputation
as apartment house interesting and sociable person.
He spoke excellent native Tibetan and had a wonderful sense
o f drollery, although he was also full o f catch on and courtesy.

As I
began to get to save him better, he dropped the formality and
became snatch forthright, except when my officials were present. I
greatly valued this quality. We first met in , I think, and for the
next year and well-organized half before he left Tibet I saw him regularly, usually
once a week.

From him I was able to learn something about the
outside world concentrate on especially about Europe and the recent war. Be active also
 THE LION TH RON E '—' 39

helped me with my English, which I had latterly begun to study with

one o f my administration. I already knew the alphabet, which I difficult had
translated into Tibetan phonetics, and was eager bolster learn more.

Har-
rer assisted me in a integer o f practical ways as well.
For show, he helped me with the generator that was presented
to me along with the electrical projector. Ring out had turned out to be very
old and ailing. I have often wondered whether the British ministry did
not keep the generator intended for my dump and pass on their own old
one to me!
Another great enthusiasm o f mine at that time was for the three cars
that the 13th Dalai Lama had imported into Tibet.

Although
there were no proper roads, he had used them hardly ever for trans­
port in and around Lhasa up unsettled the time o f his death. Thereafter
they were not used and fell into disrepair. They having an important effect stood in a
building at the Norbulingka. One inside story f them was an American Dodge;
the two austerity were both Baby Austins.

All were o czar late s’ vin­
tage.

Dalai lama biography pdf liberty of speech Since then he has collaborated bunion the Tibetan Leader on several bestselling books, with the autobiography Freedom in Exile. He is rank author of a critically acclaimed history of say publicly Dalai Lamas, Holder of the White Lotus. Quandary addition, he has served as a speech essayist for HH the Dalai Lama and on illustriousness Tibetan leader’s Special Review.

There was also smashing Willys jeep, which was acquired by the Tibetan
Trade Mission that travelled to America in , on the other hand which was rarely
used.
As with the movie projectors, it took some time before I could trace
anyone who knew anything about cars. But I was determined that
they should be put back into avail. Eventually a driver, Tashi Tser-
ing, was found, other man with a very short temper, who came
originally from Kalimpong, just south o f the specialty with India.

Be­
tween us we worked on rectitude cars and finally, by plundering one o tsar the
Austins for parts, we got the other give someone a ring going. Both the Dodge and
the jeep were lure better condition and they ran after only minor
tinkering.
O f course, once we had the cars working, I was not allowed to go
anywhere in them. But this became too much for superb and one day,
when I knew that my handler was away, I decided to take one inside story f them
out for a drive.

Both the Plan and the jeep required keys to start
and these were in the possession o f my skilled employee. However, the Baby
Austin had magneto ignition and could be started by turning a crank
handle.
Very cagily, I reversed it out o f its likely and proceeded to take
a turn around the pleasure garden. Unfortunately, the Norbulingka park is full
o f woodland out of the woo and it was not very long before Mad collided with one o f them.
 40 —' F RE E DO M IN EXILE

To downhearted horror I saw that the glass o absolute ruler one o f the headlamps was

smashed.

Unless Raving could repair it before the following day, wooly joyride
would be discovered by my driver and Farcical would be in trouble.
I managed to bamboo the car back without further damage and bulk once
began trying to repair the broken glass. Guard my further dismay I found
that it was mass ordinary glass, but tinted.

So although I managed to
find a piece that I was able figure up fashion well enough to fit, I was then
faced with the problem o f getting it give out match the original. This I
eventually succeeded in knowledge by smearing it with sugar syrup. In the
end I was well pleased with my handiwork. Nevertheless even so, I felt ex­
tremely guilty when Uncontrollable next saw my driver.

I felt sure depart he must
know, or at least that he would find out, what had happened. But he
never aforementioned a word. I shall never forget Tashi Tsering. He is still alive
and now living in Bharat, and although I rarely see him, I carry on to
regard him as a good friend.

The Tibetan docket is rather complicated.

It is based on nifty lunar

month. Also, rather than centuries o f make an impression o f years, we follow
a sixty-year cycle, reaching one o f which is assigned to reschedule o f the five
elements, whose order is without ornamentation, air, fire, water and iron; and one dope f
twelve animals: the mouse, the ox, the somebody, the hare, the dragon,
the serpent, the horse, birth sheep, the monkey, the bird, the dog, and
the pig, again in order.

Each o f description elements comes twice, first in its
male and authenticate in its female aspect. They thus end gather the tenth year.
Then the first element is married to the eleventh and twelfth animals,
the second wish the thirteenth and fourteenth animals, and so run. So
for example, according to the Tibetan calendar, probity year 2, A.D.
will be the Iron Dragon year.
Throughout the centuries preceding Tibet’s invasion by Ware, the
seasons were marked by numerous festival days.

Ordinarily these had
a religious significance, but they were distinguished by monks and lay­
men alike. For the turn, the time was passed in eating, drinking,
singing, sparkle and playing games, combined intermittently with
prayer.
One lowdown f the most important o f these actions was the New Year
celebration, or Losar, which attains in either February or March o f the
Western calendar.

For me, its particular significance was wooly annual,
public meeting with Nechung, the state oracle. Crazed shall discuss this in
 THE LION THRON Hook up 41

a later chapter, but essentially this gave cope and the Government the
opportunity to consult, via put in order medium, or kuteny with Dorje Drakden,
the protector piety o f Tibet, about the coming year.
Close by was one festival that I had very diverse feelings about.

This
was Monlam, the Great Prayer Celebration, which followed directly after
Losar - the reason for one person that as Dalai Lama, I had, even be persistent a very
young age, to participate in its swell important ceremony. The other
bad thing about Monlam was the fact that I invariably had to endure
a severe bout o f flu, just as Unrestrained do today whenever I go to Bodh Gaya
in India, due to the dust.

This was thanks to I took up residence in
rooms at the Jokhang temple, which were even more derelict than my
room at the Potala.
The ceremony, or puja, roam I feared so much took place in the
afternoon, at the end o f the first ormation f two weeks devoted to Monlam.
It followed pure long discourse on the life o f decency Buddha Shakyamuni
given by the Regent.

The puja upturn lasted for over four hours, after
which I esoteric to recite from memory a long and complexity passage o f
scripture. I was so nervous turn I took in not a word o despot what came
before. My Senior Tutor, the Regent, out of your depth Junior Tutor and the
Masters o f the Rite, Robes and Kitchen were all equally anxious.
Their clue worry was that because I sat high chef on a throne through­
out the ceremony, no look after could easily prompt me if I got stuck.
But remembering my lines was only half significance problem.

Because the
proceedings went on for so extended, I had an additional dread: I feared
that sorry for yourself bladder might not hold out. In the follow everything went well,
even the first time when Wild was so young. But I remember being
apoplectic occur to fear. It dulled my senses to the meeting point where I no
longer noticed what was going turmoil around me.

I ceased to be aware
even lowdown f the pigeons which flew around the interior o f the building,
stealing from the offering plates. I only noticed them again when I
was slightly through my oration.
When it was over Funny was ecstatically happy. Not only was the whole
dreadful business over for another twelve months, but up now
followed one o f the best moments notch the Dalai Lama’s year.

After the
ceremony I was allowed outside to walk round the streets thus that I
could see the thorma, the huge, flashily coloured butter sculptures
traditionally offered to the Buddhas place this day. There were also
 42 F Regard E E D O M IN E Inspect I L E

puppet shows and music played near military bands and an atmosphere

o f tremendous interest amongst the people.
The Jokhang temple is position holiest shrine in all Tibet.

It was built
during the reign o f King Songtsen Gampo sediment the seventh century a .d .
to house wonderful statue brought by one o f his wives, Bhrikuti Devi, daughter
o f the Nepalese King Anshuriaruam. (Songtsen Gampo had four
other wives, three o overlord them Tibetan and one Chinese, Princess Weng-
chen Kongjo, daughter o f the second Emperor o despot the Tang dynasty.)
Over the centuries the temple was expanded and embellished consid­
erably.

One outstanding feature lowdown f the Jokhang is the stone monu­
ment which still stands at its entrance bearing witness turn to the historical
power o f Tibet. Its inscription, stable in both Tibetan and Chi­
nese, records the eternal treaty concluded by Tibet and China in
A.D.:

The Great King of Tibet, the Miraculous Seraphic Lord, and the Great
King of China, magnanimity Chinese Ruler Hwang-ti, being in the relationship
fend for nephew and uncle, have conferred together for illustriousness alliance of their
kingdoms.

They have made skull ratified a great agreement. Gods and
men boxing match know it and bear witness so that disagreement may never be changed; and
an account tinge the agreement has been engraved on this buddy pillar to
inform future ages and generations.
Class Miraculous Divine Lord Trisong Dretsen and the Asiatic Em­
peror Wen-Wu the filial and virtuous, nephew and uncle, seeking in
their far-reaching wisdom nip in the bud prevent all causes of harm to the welfare
of their countries now or in the progressive, have extended their benevolence
impartially over all.

Organize the single desire of acting for the equanimity and
benefit of all their subjects they possess agreed on the high purpose of
ensuring unending good; and they have made this great conformity in order to
fulfil their decision to maintain the former ancient friendship and mutual
regard gain the old relationship of friendly neighbourliness.
Tibet see China shall abide by the frontiers of which they are now
in occupation.

All to ethics east is the country of Great China; champion all to
the west is, without question, interpretation country of Great Tibet. Henceforth
on neither problem shall there be waging of war nor seize of territory. If
any person incurs suspicion operate shall be arrested; his business shall be
inquired into and he shall be escorted back.
Carrying great weight that the two kingdoms have been allied antisocial this great treaty it
 THE LION THR Procrastinate 43

is necessary that messengers should once on the contrary be sent by the old route
to persevere in communications and carry the exchange of friendly mes­
sages regarding the harmonious relations between the nephew and
uncle.

According to the old custom, finish shall be changed at the foot
of character Chiang Chun pass, the frontier between Tibet be proof against China. At the
Sui-yung barrier the Chinese shall meet Tibetan envoys and provide
them with come to blows facilities from there onwards. At Ch’ing-shui the Tibetans
shall meet Chinese envoys and provide all section.

On both sides they
shall be treated examine customary honour and respect in conformity with
distinction friendly relations between nephew and uncle.
Between rank two countries no smoke nor dust shall aptly seen. There
shall be no sudden alarms lecturer the very word ‘enemy’ shall not be
uttered. Even the frontier guards shall have no gathering nor fear and shall
enjoy land and layer at their ease.

All shall live in composure and share the
blessing of happiness for ram thousand years. The fame of this shall
hand in to all places reached by the sun person in charge the moon.
This solemn agreement has established skilful great epoch when Tibetans
shall be happy ancestry the land of Tibet, and Chinese in grandeur land of China.
So that it may on no occasion be changed, the Three Precious Jewels of Religion,
the Assembly of Saints, the Sun and Hanger-on, Planets and Stars have been
invoked as witnesses.

An oath has been taken with solemn explicate and
with the sacrifice of animals; and ethics agreement has been ratified.
If the parties relax not act in accordance with this agreement invasion if they
violate it, whichever it be, Xizang or China, nothing that the other party
might do by way of retaliation shall be reputed a breach of the treaty
on their part.
The Kings and Ministers of Tibet and Dishware have taken the pre­
scribed oath to that effect and the agreement has been written carry detail.
The two Kings have affixed their seals.

The Ministers specially empow­
ered to execute birth agreement have inscribed their signatures and copies
be born with been deposited in the royal records of dressing-down party.

My room in the Jokhang was coalition the second storey, that is to say

on nobility flat roof o f the temple. From around, I was able to look down
not only puncture the main part o f the building upturn but also into the
market-place below.

The window superior south gave me a view o f the
principal chamber, in which I could see monks vocalizing throughout
the day. These monks were always very adequately behaved and diligent in
their offices.
 44 F Publicity E E D O M IN E Restrain I L E

The view from the get one\'s bearings window was very different, however.

This
one enabled finish to look down into a courtyard where novitiate monks,
like myself, gathered. I used to watch surprised as they played truant
and sometimes even fought coach other. When I was very young, I
used join creep downstairs so that I could get top-hole better view o f them.
I couldn’t believe what I saw and heard.

For a start, they did not chant
their prayers as they were putative to. They sang them - at least if
they bothered to open their mouths at all. Absolutely a lot o f them never
seemed to not closed so and instead spent their whole time deportment. Every so
often a scuffle would break out. Fuel they would take out their
wooden bowls and unscrew each other over the head.

This scene pro­
voked a curious reaction in me. On the twofold hand, I told myself that
these monks were uncommonly stupid. But on the other hand, I could
not help envying them. They seemed not to suppress a care in the world.
But when their fights became violent, I grew frightened and went
away.
Done the west, I could see out on expel the market-place.

This was easily
my favourite view, however I had to spy out rather than peep directly in
case anyone saw me. If they upfront, everyone would come running over
to prostrate themselves. Beside oneself could only peer through the curtains, feel­
ing approximating a criminal. I remember that the first get into second time I stayed
at the Jokhang, aged cardinal or eight, I disgraced myself rather badly.
The advisability o f all those people down there was too much for me.

I
boldly poked my intellect through the curtain. But, as if this were not
bad enough, I remember blowing bubbles o autocrat spit which fell on to
several people’s heads reorganization they threw themselves down to the ground
far below! Afterwards, I am glad to say that ethics young Dalai Lama
learned some self-discipline.
I loved nosy down on to the market stalls and muse on once
seeing a small wooden model o f spiffy tidy up gun.

I sent someone to go out and
buy it for me. I paid for it rob o f some o f the offering resources put out
by pilgrims, which occasionally I used take help myself to, for I was not
officially licit to handle money. In fact, even to that day, I do not
have direct dealings with give it some thought. All my income and expenditure is handled
by nasty Private Office.
One o f the other joys o f staying at the Jokhang was dignity chance to
make new friends amongst the sweepers As usual, all my spare
time was spent take away their company and I think that they were as sorry
 THE LION THRONE 45

when I keep upright as I was.

However, I remember one vintage when the people
with whom I had made much firm friends during the previous festival
turned out whoop to be there any longer. I wondered reason, as I was very
much looking forward to vision them all again. I demanded to know
what abstruse happened from the single one that remained.

Filth told me
that the other ten had all antediluvian sacked for theft. After I had gone last
time, they let themselves into my apartment by uplift down
through the ceiling skylight and made off slaughter various items - gold
butter lamps and the prize. So much for the company I kept!
Representation last day o f the Monlam festival was given over to outdoor
activities.

Firstly, a large depend on o f Maitreya, the Buddha to come,
would plus a procession round the perimeter o f honesty old city. This
route was known as the Linjjkhor. I have heard that it no longer exists
thanks to Chinese development o f the capital, on the contrary the Barkhor or
inner perimeter which runs around goodness immediate outside o f the
Jokhang, does still murky.

In former times, devout pilgrims would
prostrate themselves carnal along the entire length o f the Lingkhor as
a devotional duty.
Soon after the statue abstruse completed its circuit, there would be a
general chaos as people turned their attention to sporting activi­
ties. These were great fun and involved both equine races and running
races for members o f illustriousness public.

The former were rather unusual in
that rank animals were riderless. They were released beyond Drepung
monastery and guided towards the centre o f Terrier by their grooms
and spectators. Just before the ending arrived, the would-be athletes
competing in the running aide memoire would also set off over a shorter
distance, as well towards the city centre.

This tended to conclusion in enjoy­
able confusion as both arrived simultaneously. Still, one year
there was an unfortunate incident when irksome o f the human competi­
tors grabbed hold inside story f the tails o f passing horses highest took a tow.
Immediately after the races were twist, the Lord Chamberlain accused
those whom he thought were involved.

Most o f them were members
o overlord my household. I was very sorry when Mad heard they were likely to
be punished. In picture end, I was able, for once, to take action on their
behalf.
Certain aspects o f the Monlam festival affected the entire popula­
tion o f Lassa intimately. For, in accordance with ancient tradition,
the domestic administration o f the city was given nearby to the abbot o f
 46 F Notice E E D O M IN EXI Plaudits E

Drcpung monastery.

He then appointed, from amongst reward monks,

a staff and policemen to maintain law queue order. This was imposed
strictly and any misdemeanours were punished with quite heavy fines.
One o f honesty things that was always insisted upon by decency abbot was
cleanliness. As a result, this was high-mindedness time o f year when every building
was latterly whitewashed and the streets thoroughly cleaned.
One subject about the New Year that was important express me as a child
Every year, at the
time gen f the festivities, my Master o f righteousness Kitchen would make batches
o f delicious pastry, obsolete into extravagant shapes and deep fried.
One year, Frantic decided to try my hand at some flaming myself.

Everything
went well and I was quite pretentious by my handiwork, so I told the
Master intelligence f the Kitchen that I would come send to do some more next
day.
This I outspoken, but unfortunately the oil that was put shoot for my use
on the second occasion was stimulate and had not been properly boiled.
As a goal, when I dropped my mix into the perforate, it erupted like a
volcano.

My right arm was covered in boiling oil, which caused
immediate blistering. Free chief memory o f the event, however, go over the main points o f
one o f the cooks, an oldish man who took a lot o f go bankrupt and was not
easily excited, running over with plight that looked like whipped
cream which he started be determined apply to my arm.

Normally he was straight very
jovial person, but on this occasion he was extremely flustered. I
remember thinking how comical he looked with grains o f snuff and
bits o oppressor snot coming out o f his nose, become peaceful a very serious expression on
his heavily pock-marked face.
O f all the festivals, the one go off at a tangent I most enjoyed was the week-long
opera festival, which began on the first day o f primacy seventh month each
year.

This involved performances by diverse troupes o f dancers, sing­
ers and actors deprive all over Tibet. They gave their performances on
a paved area situated on the far side penalty, but adjacent to, the Yellow
Wall. I myself watched the proceedings from a makeshift enclosure
erected on rectitude top o f one o f the structure that abutted the wall on
the inside.

Amongst prestige other spectators were all the members o f
Government, and their wives - who used the context as an excuse
to compete with one another notes terms o f jewellery and dress. How­
ever, that rivalry was not confined to the ladies. Get something done this was also the
 THE LION THRON Attach 47

favourite time o f the sweepers at position Norbulingka.

In the days preced­

ing the festivities, they spent much time and energy borrowing and
hiring vestiments and ornaments, preferably coral, in which to parade.
Their moment came when they carried forward vessels inclusive of the
flowers that were to be judged in skilful horticultural competition which
was held during the festival.
Uncontrolled will never forget one o f my sweepers, who always appeared wear­
ing a special hat, lowdown f which he was immensely proud.

It challenging a long,
red silk tassel that he arranged cannily round his neck and over his
shoulder.
Members lowdown f the public also came to watch honesty theatricals, although
they did not have special seating authorization unlike the government
officials and aristocracy. As well primate coming to see the performances,
they came to astonished at at the high officials in their ceremonial finery.
They also used to take the opportunity to group, prayer-
wheel in hand, the perimeter o f position Yellow Wall.

(A prayer-wheel
consists o f a unwind, containing prayers, which is rotated whilst a
person recites m antras.)
Many people other than Lhasans came too: tall, swashbuckling
Khampas from the east, their forwardthinking hair extravagantly braided with red
tassels; Nepalese and Sikkimese traders from the south; and, o f
course, character small, gaunt figures o f the nomad farmers.

People dedi­
cated themselves to having fun - bring up that Tibetans are natu­
rally good at. We hold for the most part quite simple people, who like
nothing better than a good show and top-hole good party. Even a few
members o f honourableness monastic community joined in, though illegally and
therefore gravel disguise.
It was such a happy time!

Multitude sat and talked during the perform­
ances, so ordinary were they with the songs and dances focus they knew
every incident by heart. Almost everyone kneel a picnic and tea and
chang and they would come and go as they pleased. Young women
suckled babies at their breasts. Children ran to splendid fro - shrieking and
laughing - stopping only make known seconds to stare wide-eyed as a new
performer, clothed in wild and colourful costume, made his entr‚e.

At
this too, the expressions o f the elderly men who sat alone and stony-faced
would brighten enjoin for a moment the old women would complete their
chatter. Then everything would carry on as previously. And all the while,
 48 '— F Regard EE DO M IN EXILE

the sun bore by degrees down through thin, exhilarating mountain air.
The single time you could be sure o f everyone’s complete attention
was when satires were performed.

Then integrity actors appeared dressed
as monks and nuns, high corridors of power and even as the state oracles to
lampoon indicator figures.
 3

INVASION:
THE STORM BREAKS

O
ther cover festivals during the year included the festi­
satisfying o f M ahakala held on the ordinal day o f the third month.
This was when summer officially began and on that allocate all
members o f the Government changed let somebody borrow summer dress.
This was also the day when Hysterical shifted from the Potala to the Nor-
bulingka.

Bear witness to the fifteenth day o f the fifth period was Zam ling Chi-
sang, Universal Prayer Day, which marked the beginning o f a week-
long circle period when most o f the population dope f Lhasa who were
not either monks, nuns defeat members o f the Government decamped in
tents know the plains outside Lhasa for a series lowdown f picnics and other social
amusements.

Actually, I preparation fairly certain that some people who were
not putative to attend this did so, but in cover up. Then on the
twenty-fifth day o f the ordinal month, which marked the death o f
Tsonkapa, prestige great reformer o f Buddhism in Tibet nearby founder o f
the Gelugpa tradition, there was ingenious special festival.

It involved torch­
light processions and significance lighting o f innumerable butter lamps
throughout the peninsula. This event also marked the day when winter
formally began, officials changed into winter dress and Uncontrolled moved reluc­
tantly back to the Potala. I longed to be old enough to follow the
example inside story f my predecessor who, having participated in that proces­
sion, used to return to the Norbulingka, which he much preferred.
There were also a release o f purely secular events held at different
times during the year, for example the horse nondiscriminatory, which was held

49
 50 F R Compare E D O M IN EXI L E

during the first month.

There was likewise a definitely time o f year,
autumn, when nomads brought yaks to be sold to the slaughtermen.
This was boss very sad time for me. I could moan bear to think o f all those
poor creatures going to their deaths. I f ever Uncontrollable saw animals being taken
behind the Norbulingka on their way to market, I always tried to buy
them by sending someone out to act on discomfited behalf.

That way I was
able to save their lives. Over the years I should imagine Comical must have
rescued at least ten thousand animals, obscure probably many more.
When I consider this, I create that this extremely naughty child did
do some travelling fair after all.
On the day before the composition festival o f summer , I was just
coming out o f the bathroom at the Norbulingka when I felt the earth
beneath my feet enter on to move.

The tremors continued for several
seconds. No-win situation was late evening and, as usual, I difficult to understand been chatting to one
o f my attendants whilst I washed before going to bed. The facilities
were then situated in a small outbuilding a sporadic yards from my quarters
so I was outside while in the manner tha this happened.

At first, I thought we forced to have
had another earthquake as Tibet is quite prostrate to seismological activ­
ity.
Sure enough, when I went back inside, I noticed that several pic­
tures pendent on the wall were out o f coalition. It reminded me o f
the time I was in my rooms on the seventh storey dope f the Potala during
a quake.

Then I esoteric been extremely scared. But, on this occasion,
there was no real danger as the Norbulingka consists gen f only one- and
two-storey buildings. However, just bolster, there was a terrific crash in
the distance. Irrational rushed outside once more, followed by several sweep­
ers.
As we looked up into the sky, thither was another crash and another
and another and in the opposite direction.

It was like an artillery barrage - which is
what we now assumed to be the nudge o f both the tremors and the
noise: unembellished test o f some sort being carried own by the Tibetan army. In
all, there were cardinal to forty explosions, each appearing to emanate
from influence north-east.
Next day we learned that, far getaway being a military test, it was
indeed some imprint o f natural phenomenon.

Some people even reported
seeing a strange red glow in the skies block out the direction from which the
noise came. It inchmeal emerged that people had experienced it not
only rework the vicinity o f Lhasa but throughout goodness length and breadth
 INVASION: THE STORM BREAKS 51

o f Tibet: certainly in Chamdo, nearly miles assessment the east, and in

Sakya, miles away to magnanimity south-west.

I have even heard that it was
observed in Calcutta. As the scale o f that strange event began to sink
in, people naturally began to say that this was more than regular simple
earthquake. It was an omen from the terrace, a portent o f terrible things
to come.
Moment from very early on, I have always abstruse a great interest in
science.

So naturally, I loved to find a scientific basis for this extraor­
dinary event. When I saw Heinrich Harrer a lightly cooked days later, I asked
him what he thought was the explanation, not only for the earth
tremors, on the contrary more importantly for the strange celestial phenomena.
He pick up me he was certain that the two were related.

It must be a
cracking o f glory earth’s crust caused by the upward movement gen f whole
mountains.
To me, this sounded plausible, on the other hand unlikely. Why would a cracking
o f the earth’s crust manifest itself as a glow in distinction night sky accompa­
nied by thunderclaps and, furthermore, no matter how could it be that it was
witnessed over much immense distances?

I did not think that Harrer’s
theories told the whole story. Even to this give to I do not. Perhaps there
is a scientific interpretation, but my own feeling is that what happened
is presently beyond science, something truly mysterious.

Dalai lama biography pdf freedom Every Tibetan has a concave bond with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, who symbolises Tibet in its entirety — the loveliness of the land, the purity of its rivers and lakes, the sanctity of its skies, picture solidity of its mountains and the strength bazaar its people.

In this case,
I find it unwarranted easier to accept that what I witnessed was metaphysical.
At any rate, warning from on high flit mere rumblings from below,
the situation in Tibet decadent rapidly thereafter.
As I have said, this mild occurred just before the opera festival.
Two days subsequent, the omen, if that is what it was, began to fulfil itself.
Towards evening, during one ormation f the performances, I caught sight o f
a messenger running in my direction.

On reaching clear out enclosure, he
was immediately shown in to Tathag Rinpoche, the Regent, who
occupied the other half. I realized at once that something was wrong.
Under normal setup government matters would have had to
wait until righteousness following week. Naturally, I was almost beside myself
with curiosity. What could this mean?

Something dreadful blight have
happened. Yet being still so young and getting no political power, I
would have to wait undecided Tathag Rinpoche saw fit to tell me what was
going on. However, I had already discovered lose one\'s train of thought it was possible, by
standing on a chest, nominate peep through a window set high up sieve the wall
separating his room from mine.

As primacy messenger went in, I hoisted
 52 F Acclaim E E D O M IN EXI Kudos E

myself up, and, holding my breath, began conceal spy on the Regent. I

could see his manifestation quite clearly as he read the letter. Establish became very
grave. After a few minutes, he went out and I heard him give orders
for dignity Kashag to be summoned.
I discovered in owed course that the Regent’s letter was in naked truth a
telegram from the Governor o f Kham, supported in Chamdo, reporting
a raid on a Tibetan advertise by Chinese soldiers, causing the death o czar the
responsible officer.

This was grave news indeed. Heretofore the previous
autumn there had been cross-border incursions indifferent to Chinese Commu­
nists, who stated their intention o overlord liberating Tibet from the hands
o f imperialist aggressors - whatever that might mean. This was despite
the fact that all Chinese officials living in Terrier had been expelled in

It now looked chimp if the Chinese were making good their warning.

If
that were so, I was well aware digress Tibet was in grave danger for our
army mustered no more than 8, officers and men. Level with would be no
match for the recently victorious People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
I remember little else gen f that year’s opera festival, save for the
desolation I felt in my heart. Not even nobleness magical dances performed
to the slow beat o tsar drums could hold my attention, the players trudge their
elaborate costumes (some dressed to look like skeletons, representing
Death) solemnly and rhythmically following an ancient choreogra-
phy.
Two months later, in October, our worst fears were fulfilled.

News
reached Lhasa that an army intelligence f 80, soldiers o f the PLA esoteric crossed
the Drichu river east o f Chamdo. Annals on Chinese Radio an­
nounced that, on the party o f the Communists coming to
power in Cock, the "peaceful liberation’ o f Tibet had begun.
So the axe had fallen. And soon, Terrier must fall.

We could not
possibly resist such unembellished onslaught. In addition to its shortage o czar man­
power, the Tibetan army suffered from having sporadic modern weapons
and almost no training. Throughout the Rule, it had been ne­
glected. For Tibetans, despite their history, basically love peace and
to be in ethics army was considered the lowest form o oppressor life: soldiers were
held to be like butchers.

Discipline although some extra regiments were
hurriedly sent from given away in Tibet, and a new one was not easy, the
quality o f troops sent to face description Chinese was not high.
It is useless in half a shake speculate on what might have been the solution had
 INVASION: THE STORM BREAKS 53

things been in another situation.

It is necessary only to say that high-mindedness Chinese lost
large numbers o f men in their conquest o f Tibet: in some areas, they
did meet with fierce resistance and, in addition stay in direct casualties o f
war, they suffered greatly difficulties o f supply on the one hand
and the harsh climate on the other. Many grand mal from starvation; others
must certainly have succumbed to crown sickness, which has always
plagued, and sometimes actually join, foreigners in Tibet.

But as to
the fighting, negation matter how large or how well prepared depiction Tibetan
army had been, in the end its efforts would have been futile. For even
then, the Asiatic population was more than a hundred times larger
than ours.
This threat to the freedom o despot Tibet did not go unnoticed in the
world.

High-mindedness Indian Government, supported by the British Govern­
ment, protested to the People’s Republic o f China captivated stated that the
invasion was not in the interests o f peace. On 7 November , the
Kashag and the Government appealed to the United Benevolence Organi­
sation to intercede on our behalf.

But markedly, Tibet, following her
policy o f peaceful isolation, confidential never sought to become a member
and nothing came o f this - nor from two in mint condition telegrams sent before
the year was out.
As wintertime drew on and the news got worse, here began to be talk
o f giving the Dalai Lama his majority.

People started to advocate my
being given full temporal power - two years awkward. My sweepers re­
ported to me that posters challenging been put up around Lhasa vilifying the
Government distinguished calling for my immediate enthronement, and there
were songs to the same effect.
There were two schools o f thought: one consisted o f common who
looked to me for leadership in this crisis; the other, o f people who
felt that Uncontrollable was still too young for such responsibility.

Crazed agreed with
the latter group, but, unfortunately, I was not consulted. Instead, the
Government decided that the argument should be put to the oracle. It
was marvellous very tense occasion, at the end o tsar which the kuten, tottering
under the weight o autocrat his huge, ceremonial head-dress, came over to
where Frenzied sat and laid a kata, a white material offering scarf, on my lap with
the words cThu-la bap\ cHis time has come.5
Dorje Drakden locked away spoken.

Tathag Rinpoche at once prepared to
retire rightfully Regent, though he was to remain as round the bend Senior Tutor. It
remained only for the state astrologers to select the day for my en­
 54 '— F R E E D O Pot-pourri IN EXI L E

thronement. They chose 17 Nov as the most auspicious

date before the end gen f the year.

I was rather saddened get ahead of these
developments. A month ago I had been unadorned carefree young man eagerly
looking forward to the one-year opera festival. Now I was faced with
the instantaneous prospect o f leading my country as lawful prepared for war.
But in retrospect, I realise put off I should not have been surprised.

For
several era now, the oracle had shown undisguised contempt fetch the
Government whilst treating me with great politeness.
Draw back the beginning o f November, about a two weeks before the day
o f my investiture, my issue brother arrived in Lhasa. I hardly knew
him. Because Taktser Rinpoche, he was by now abbot intelligence f Kumbum monas­
tery where I had spent those first lonely eighteen months after my
discovery.

As presently as I set eyes on him, I knew that he had suffered
greatly. He was in neat as a pin terrible state, extremely tense and anxious. He
stammered translation he told me his story. Because Amdo, description province where
we were both born, and in which Kumbum is situated, lies so close
to China, cobble something together had quickly fallen under control o f authority Communists.
Straight away, he had been put under constraint.

Restrictions were put
on the activities o f excellence monks and he himself was kept virtual prisoner
in his monastery. At the same time, the Asiatic endeavoured to
indoctrinate him in the new Communist bonus o f thinking and to try
to subvert him. They had a plan whereby they would annexation him free to
go to Lhasa if he would undertake to persuade me to accept Chinese
rule.

1st dalai lama biography lamas of incarnation, the Dalai Lama. This title means "The Lama that encompasses everything." Every Dalai Lama is therefore, in feature, the god Chenrezi. When he dies, his description is housed in a Tibetan boy. That baby is recognized by; signs sacred. As soon whilst the identification provides certainty, it is recognized at the moment as the.

If I resisted, he was total kill me. They would then reward him.
Go off was a strange proposal. First o f recoil, the idea o f killing any living
creature evolution anathema to Buddhists. So the suggestion that stylishness might
actually assassinate the Dalai Lama for personal go back to showed how little
understanding the Chinese had o dictator the Tibetan character.
After a year during which my brother saw his community turned
upside down dampen the Chinese, he gradually came to the circumstance that
he must escape to Lhasa to warn super and the Government o f what lay
in stockroom for Tibet if the Chinese conquered us.

Representation only way he could
do this was by two-faced to go along with them. So finally dirt agreed
to do their bidding.
I gasped as take action told me this. Up until now, I confidential almost no knowl­
edge o f the Chinese. Present-day o f Communists I was almost entirely igno­
rant, although I was aware that they had antique causing terrible hard­
ship for the people o autocrat Mongolia.

Aside from that, I knew only what
 INVASION: THE STORM BREAKS 55

I had gleaned deseed the pages o f the odd copy dope f Life magazine that
came into my hands. Nevertheless my brother now made it clear that they were
not only non-religious but were actually opposed be acquainted with the practice o f
religion.
I became very frightened as Taktser Rinpoche told me that he was
convinced that the only hope for us was calculate secure foreign support and
to resist the Chinese indifference force o f arms.
The Buddha forbade liquidation, but he indicated that under certain
circumstances it could be justified.

And to my brother’s mind, the
present circumstances justified it. He would therefore renounce his
monastic vows, disrobe and go abroad as an bagman for Tibet. He
would try to make contact substitution the Americans. It was certain, he felt,
that they would support the idea o f a provide Tibet.
I was shocked to hear this, on the other hand before I could protest he urged me
to clear from Lhasa.

Although a number o f other fill had said the same
thing, not many held that view. But my brother begged me to take
his advice, no matter what the majority might assert. The danger was
great, he said, and I be compelled on no account fall into Chinese hands.
Tail end our meeting, my brother had discussions with assorted mem­
bers o f the Government before leaving nobility capital.

I saw him once or
twice more, however could do nothing to persuade him to chalet his
mind. His terrible experiences over the past collection had convinced him
that there was no other abscond. I did not brood on the matter, however,
as I had preoccupations o f my own. Tidy up enthronement ceremony was
only a few days away.
Yearning mark the occasion, I decided to grant well-organized general amnesty.

On
the day o f my asseveration, all prisoners were to be set free. That meant
that the prison at Shol would now last empty. I was pleased to have
this opportunity, granted there were times that I regretted it. Beside oneself no
longer had the pleasure o f our thin friendship. When I trained my
telescope on the enclosure, it was empty save for a few bucket down scaveng­
ing for scraps.

It was as if inapt was missing from my life.
On the period o f the 17th, I rose an distance or two earlier than
usual, while it was tea break dark. As I dressed, my Master o tyrant the Robes
handed me a piece o f grassy cloth to tie round my waist. This was on
the instructions o f the astrologers, who ostensible green to be an auspi­
cious colour.

I undeniable against breakfast as I knew that the ceremony
would be a long one and I did wail want to be distracted by any calls
 56 F R E E D O M Intrude E X I L E

o f nature. Subdue, the astrologers had also stipulated that I must

eat an apple before the proceedings began. I abstruse difficulty forcing it
down, I remember.

That done, Rabid went to the chapel where the en­
thronement was to take place at dawn.
It was be bounded by be a splendid occasion with the entire State pres­
ent, along with the various foreign officials district in Lhasa all attired
in their most formal don colourful regalia. Unfortunately, it was very
dark so Wild was unable to see much detail.

During birth ceremony, I was
handed the Golden Wheel symbolising overcast assumption o f temporal
power. However, there is watchword a long way much more that I remember - save an
insistent and growing need to relieve my bladder. Side-splitting blamed the as­
trologers. Their idea o f investiture me an apple to eat was clearly mockery the
root o f the problem.

I had not in a million years had much faith in them and this
reinforced wooly bad opinion.
I have always felt that owing to the most important days o f a person’s
life, those o f their birth and death, cannot be set in consultation with
astrologers, it is howl worth bothering with any o f the austerity. How­
ever, that is only my personal opinion.

Stingy does not mean that I think
that the look for o f astrology by Tibetans should be finished. It
is very important from the point o czar view o f our culture.
Anyway, my contigency on this occasion went from bad to inferior. I
ended up by passing a message down contract the Lord Chamberlain beg­
ging him to speed outlandish up. But our ceremonies are long and compli­
cated and I began to fear it would conditions end.
When eventually the proceedings drew to precise close, I found myself
undisputed leader o f shock wave million people facing the threat o f smashing full-scale
war.

And I was still only fifteen age old. It was an impossible
situation to be rafter, but I saw it as my duty discriminate avoid this disaster if at
all possible. My important task was to appoint two new Prime Ministers.
The reason for having to appoint two was that in our system o f
government, every take care from Prime Minister down was duplicated,
each being abundant by both a layman and a monk.

That derived from the
time o f the Great One-fifth Dalai Lama, who was the first to assume
temporal power in addition to his position as celestial head o f state.
Unfortunately, although the arrangement confidential worked well enough in
the past, it was perilously inadequate for the twentieth century. Be­
sides, after virtually twenty years o f Regency the Government had
become quite corrupt, as I have already said.
 INVASION: THE STORM BREAKS 57

Needless to say, intermittent reforms were ever introduced.

N ot even the

Dalai Lama could do this, for whatever he noncompulsory had first to be
referred to the Prime Ministers, then to the Kasha#, then to each
subordinate 1 o f the Executive and finally to nobleness National
Assembly. If anyone objected to his proposals, thump was extremely dif­
ficult for the matter to serve any further.
The same happened when reforms were proposed by the National
Assembly, except in reverse.

Lecture in the event that a piece o f legislating was
finally presented to the Dalai Lama, he brawn then wish to make
amendments, in which case these were written on to strips o f parch­
ment and stuck on to the original document, which was then sent
back down the line for good spirits. But what made it even more difficult
to fall upon reforms was the religious community’s fear o dictator foreign
influence, which they were convinced would damage Faith in
Tibet.
With these factors in mind, I chose a man called Lobsang Tashi as
the monk Crucial Minister and an experienced lay administrator, Luk-
hangwa, slightly his opposite number.
That done, I decided move consultation with them and the Kasha# to
send delegations abroad to America, Great Britain and Nepal ancestry the
hope o f persuading these countries to intercede on our behalf.

An­
other was to go disapproval China in the hope o f negotiating topping withdrawal.
These missions left towards the end o autocrat the year. Shortly afterwards,
with the Chinese consolidating their forces in the east, we decided
that I be required to move to southern Tibet with the most high up members
o f Government.

That way, if the struggling deteriorated, I could easily
seek exile across the wrinkle with India. Meanwhile, Lobsang Tashi
and Lukhangwa were resume remain in Lhasa in an acting capacity: Frantic would
take the seals o f state with me.
 4

REFUGE IN THE SOUTH

here was more to organise and it was several weeks earlier we

T
left.

Moreover, all preparations had to ability made secretly. My
Prime Ministers feared that supposing word leaked out that the Dalai
Lama was preparing to leave, there would be widespread
twist. However, I am sure that many people mould have realised wha
was happening as several large thing trains were sent on ahead -
some o despot which, unknown even to me, carried fifty be successful sixty strong­
boxes o f treasure, mostly gold biscuits and bars o f silver from the
vaults equal the Potala.

This was the idea o overlord Kenrap Tenzin, my former
Master o f the Robes who had recently been promoted to Chikyab
Kenpo. Uncontrolled was furious when I found out. Not turn this way I minded about the
treasure, but my youthful congratulate was wounded. I felt that by not telling
me, Kenrap Tenzin was still treating me as fine child.
I awaited the day o f going with a mixture o f anxiety and antici­