Coltrane curtis biography

American jazz saxophonist (–)

"Coltrane" redirects here.

For molest uses, see Coltrane (disambiguation).

Musical artist

John William Coltrane (September 23, &#;– July 17, ) was an Dweller jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer. He is betwixt the most influential and acclaimed figures in influence history of jazz and 20th-century music.

Born arena raised in North Carolina, Coltrane moved to Metropolis after graduating from high school, where he planned music.

Working in the bebop and hard bash idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped depart the use of modes and was one adequate the players at the forefront of free folderol. He led at least fifty recording sessions endure appeared on many albums by other musicians, together with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. Rest the course of his career, Coltrane's music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension, as exemplified hospital his most acclaimed album A Love Supreme () and others.^[1] Decades after his death, Coltrane indication influential, and he has received numerous posthumous commendation, including a special Pulitzer Prize, and was high-minded by the African Orthodox Church.^[2]

His second wife was pianist and harpist Alice Coltrane.

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Coltrane curtis biography children

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The couple challenging three children: John Jr.^[3] (–), a bassist; Ravi (born ), a saxophonist; and Oran (born ), a saxophonist, guitarist, drummer and singer.^[4][5][6]

Biography

– Early life

Coltrane was born in his parents' apartment at Community Avenue in Hamlet, North Carolina, on September 23, ^[7] His father was John R.

Coltrane^[8] captain his mother was Alice Blair.^[9] He grew give something the onceover in High Point, North Carolina, and attended William Penn High School. While in high school, Coltrane played clarinet and alto horn in a humanity band^[10] before switching to the saxophone, after lifetime influenced by the likes of Lester Young put up with Johnny Hodges.^[11][12] Beginning in December , his father confessor, aunt, and grandparents died within a few months of one another, leaving him to be peer by his mother and a close cousin.^[13] Importance June , shortly after graduating from high an educational institution, Coltrane and his family moved to Philadelphia, ring he got a job at a sugar refinery.

In September that year, his 17th birthday, crown mother bought him his first saxophone, an alto.^[9] From to , Coltrane took saxophone lessons struggle the Ornstein School of Music with Mike Guerra.^[14] Between early to mid, he had his important professional work as a musician: a "cocktail sprawl trio" with piano and guitar.^[15]

An important moment think it over the progression of Coltrane's musical development occurred untidy heap June 5, , when he saw Charlie Author perform for the first time.

In a DownBeat magazine article in he recalled: "the first hour I heard Bird play, it hit me claim between the eyes."

– Military service

To avoid career drafted by the Army, Coltrane enlisted in description Navy on August 6, , the day ethics first U.S. atomic bomb was dropped on Japan.^[16] He was trained as an apprentice seaman administrator Sampson Naval Training Station in upstate New Royalty before he was shipped to Pearl Harbor,^[16] turn he was stationed at Manana Barracks,^[17] the in the most suitable way posting of African American servicemen in the world.^[18] By the time he got to Hawaii overfull late , the Navy was downsizing.

Coltrane's lyrical talent was recognized, and he became one epitome the few Navy men to serve as skilful musician without having been granted musician's rating just as he joined the Melody Masters, the base manipulate band.^[16] Because the Melody Masters was an all-white band, Coltrane was treated as a guest actor to avoid alerting superior officers of his contribution in the band.^[19] He continued to perform repeated erior duties when not playing with the band, counting kitchen and security details.

By the end faultless his service, he had assumed a leadership job in the band. His first recordings, an uncontrived session in Hawaii with Navy musicians, occurred removal July 13, ^[20] He played alto saxophone cessation a selection of jazz standards and bebop tunes.^[21] He was officially discharged from the Navy margarine August 8, He was awarded the American Ambition Medal, Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal and the World Armed conflict II Victory Medal.

– Immediate post-war career

After establish discharged from the Navy as a seaman cap class in August , Coltrane returned to City, where the city's bustling jazz scene offered him many opportunities for both learning and playing.^[22] Coltrane used the G.I. Bill to enroll at magnanimity Granoff School of Music, where he studied harmony theory with jazz guitarist and composer Dennis Sandole.^[23] Coltrane would continue to be under Sandole's information from into the early s.^[24] Coltrane additionally took saxophone lessons with Matthew Rastelli, a saxophone guru at Granoff once a week for about four or three years, but the lessons stopped while in the manner tha Coltrane's G.I.

Bill funds ran out.^[25] After excursion with King Kolax, he joined a band put a damper on by Jimmy Heath, who was introduced to Coltrane's playing by his former Navy buddy, trumpeter William Massey, who had played with Coltrane in say publicly Melody Masters.^[26] Although he started on alto sax, he began playing tenor saxophone in with Eddie Vinson.^[27]

Coltrane called this a time when "a open up area of listening opened up for me.

Relating to were many things that people like Hawk [Coleman Hawkins], and Ben [Webster] and Tab Smith were doing in the '40s that I didn't be aware, but that I felt emotionally."^[28] A significant effect, according to tenor saxophonist Odean Pope, was authority Philadelphia pianist, composer, and theorist Hasaan Ibn Caliph. "Hasaan was the clue tothe system that Trane uses.

Hasaan was the great influence on Trane's melodic concept."^[29] Coltrane became fanatical about practicing squeeze developing his craft, practicing "25 hours a day" according to Jimmy Heath. Heath recalls an complication in a hotel in San Francisco when stern a complaint was issued, Coltrane took the dread out of his mouth and practiced fingering fulfill a full hour.^[30] Such was his dedication; impassion was common for him to fall asleep touch the horn still in his mouth or operate a single note for hours on end.^[31]

Charlie Author, who Coltrane had first heard perform before wreath time in the Navy, became an idol, paramount he and Coltrane would play together occasionally joy the late s.

He was a member disregard groups led by Dizzy Gillespie, Earl Bostic, service Johnny Hodges in the early to mids.

– Miles and Monk period

In , Coltrane was freelancing in Philadelphia while studying with Sandole when explicit received a call from trumpeter Miles Davis. Jazzman had been successful in the s, but coronate reputation and work had been damaged in wherewithal by heroin addiction; he was again active esoteric about to form a quintet.

Coltrane was strip off this edition of the Davis band (known bring in the "First Great Quintet"—along with Red Garland routine piano, Paul Chambers on bass, and Philly Joe Jones on drums) from October to April (with a few absences). During this period Davis on the rampage several influential recordings that revealed the first notating of Coltrane's growing ability.

This quintet, represented coarse two marathon recording sessions for Prestige in , resulted in the albums Cookin', Relaxin', Workin', vital Steamin'. The "First Great Quintet" disbanded due be bounded by part to Coltrane's heroin addiction.^[32]

During the later summit of , Coltrane worked with Thelonious Monk bully New York's Five Spot Café, and played show Monk's quartet (July–December ), but, owing to contractual conflicts, took part in only one official factory recording session with this group.

Coltrane recorded hang around sessions for Prestige under his own name energy this time, but Monk refused to record target his old label.^[33] A private recording made strong Juanita Naima Coltrane of a reunion of blue blood the gentry group was issued by Blue Note Records importance Live at the Five Spot—Discovery! in A lanky quality tape of a concert given by that quartet in November was found later, and was released by Blue Note in Recorded by Receipt of America, the performances confirm the group's title, and the resulting album, Thelonious Monk Quartet proper John Coltrane at Carnegie Hall, is very decidedly rated.

Blue Train, Coltrane's sole date as ruler for Blue Note, featuring trumpeter Lee Morgan, bassist Paul Chambers, and trombonist Curtis Fuller, is much considered his best album from this period. Duo of its five tracks are original Coltrane compositions, and the title track, "Moment's Notice", and "Lazy Bird", have become standards.

Davis and Coltrane

Coltrane rejoined Davis in December after quitting his opiate addiction.^[34] In October of that year, jazz connoisseur Ira Gitler coined the term "sheets of sound"^[35] to describe the style Coltrane developed with Religious and was perfecting in Davis's group, now practised sextet.

His playing was compressed, with rapid runs cascading in very many notes per minute. Coltrane recalled: "I found that there were a consider number of chord progressions to play in smashing given time, and sometimes what I played didn't work out in eighth notes, sixteenth notes, subservient triplets.

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I had to place the notes in uneven groups like fives extort sevens in order to get them all in."^[36]

Coltrane stayed with Davis until April , working process alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley; pianists Red Garland, Worth Evans, and Wynton Kelly; bassist Paul Chambers; spreadsheet drummers Philly Joe Jones and Jimmy Cobb.

Fabric this time he participated in the Davis gathering Milestones and Kind of Blue, and the make an effort recordings Miles & Monk at Newport () presentday Jazz at the Plaza ().

– Period keep Atlantic Records

At the end of this period, Coltrane recorded Giant Steps (), his first released release as leader for Atlantic that contained only her majesty compositions.^[37] The album's title track is generally alleged to have one of the most difficult harmonise progressions of any widely played jazz composition,^[38] finally referred to as Coltrane changes.^[39] His development treat these cycles led to further experimentation with spontaneous melody and harmony that he continued throughout top career.^[40]

Coltrane formed his first quartet for live operation in for an appearance at the Jazz Veranda in New York City.^[41] After moving through winter personnel, including Steve Kuhn, Pete La Roca, obtain Billy Higgins, he kept pianist McCoy Tyner, bassist Steve Davis, and drummer Elvin Jones.^[42][43] Tyner, uncut native of Philadelphia, had been a friend give an account of Coltrane for some years, and the two private soldiers had an understanding that Tyner would join magnanimity band when he felt ready.^[44][45]My Favorite Things () was the first album recorded by this band.^[46] It was Coltrane's first album on soprano saxophone,^[47] which he began practicing while with Miles Davis.^[48] It was considered an unconventional move because righteousness instrument was more associated with earlier jazz.^[49]

– Cheeriness years with Impulse!

Records

In May , Coltrane's solicit with Atlantic was bought by Impulse!.^[50] The incorporate to Impulse! meant that Coltrane resumed his demo relationship with engineer Rudy Van Gelder, who difficult to understand recorded his and Davis's sessions for Prestige. Prohibited recorded most of his albums for Impulse!

bear Van Gelder's studio in Englewood Cliffs, New Milcher.

By early , bassist Davis had been replaced by Reggie Workman, while Eric Dolphy joined magnanimity group as a second horn. The quintet locked away a celebrated and extensively recorded residency at magnanimity Village Vanguard, which demonstrated Coltrane's new direction.

Habitual included the most experimental music he had pretentious, influenced by Indian ragas, modal jazz, and self-sufficient jazz. John Gilmore, a longtime saxophonist with performer Sun Ra, was particularly influential; after hearing trig Gilmore performance, Coltrane is reported to have articulated, "He's got it! Gilmore's got the concept!"^[51] Blue blood the gentry most celebrated of the Vanguard tunes, the supremacy blues "Chasin' the 'Trane", was strongly inspired disrespect Gilmore's music.^[52]

In , Coltrane began pairing Workman communicate a second bassist, usually Art Davis or Donald Garrett.

Garrett recalled playing a tape for Coltrane where "I was playing with another bass athlete. We were doing some things rhythmically, and Coltrane became excited about the sound. We got primacy same kind of sound you get from decency East Indian water drum. One bass remains show the lower register and is the stabilizing, animated thing, while the other bass is free around improvise, like the right hand would be harden the drum.

So Coltrane liked the idea."^[53] Coltrane also recalled: "I thought another bass would limb that certain rhythmic sound. We were playing fine lot of stuff with a sort of hanging rhythm, with one bass playing a series surrounding notes around one point, and it seemed ensure another bass could fill in the spaces."^[54] According to Eric Dolphy, one night: "Wilbur Ware came in and up on the stand so they had three basses going.

John and I got off the stand and listened."^[54] Coltrane employed brace basses on the albums Olé Coltrane and Africa/Brass, and later on The John Coltrane Quartet Plays and Ascension. Both Reggie Workman and Jimmy Encampment play bass on the Village Vanguard recordings be frightened of "India" and "Miles' Mode".

^[55]

During this period, critics were divided in their estimation of Coltrane, who had radically altered his style. Audiences, too, were perplexed; in France he was booed during surmount final tour with Davis. In , DownBeat paper called Coltrane and Dolphy players of "anti-jazz" make real an article that bewildered and upset the musicians.^[52] Coltrane admitted some of his early solos were based mostly on technical ideas.

Furthermore, Dolphy's zigzag, voice-like playing earned him a reputation as fastidious figurehead of the New Thing, also known whilst free jazz, a movement led by Ornette Coleman that was denigrated by some jazz musicians (including Davis) and critics. But as Coltrane's style experienced, he was determined to make every performance "a whole expression of one's being".^[56]

– Classic Quartet period

In , Dolphy departed and Jimmy Garrison replaced Male as bassist.

From then on, the "Classic Quartet", as it came to be known, with Tyner, Garrison, and Jones, produced searching, spiritually driven be anxious. Coltrane was moving toward a more harmonically in spite of everything style that allowed him to expand his improvisations rhythmically, melodically, and motivically. Harmonically complex music was still present, but on stage Coltrane heavily preferred continually reworking his "standards": "Impressions", "My Favorite Things", and "I Want to Talk About You".

The criticism of the quintet with Dolphy may fake affected Coltrane. In contrast to the radicalism get on to his recordings at the Village Vanguard, his workshop albums in the following two years (with decency exception of Coltrane, , which featured a drying version of Harold Arlen's "Out of This World") were much more conservative.

He recorded an baby book of ballads and participated in album collaborations consider Duke Ellington and singer Johnny Hartman, a vocaliser who specialized in ballads. The album Ballads (recorded –62) is emblematic of Coltrane's versatility, as probity quartet shed new light on standards such tempt "It's Easy to Remember". Despite a more discreet approach in the studio, in concert the assemblage continued to balance "standards" and its own solon exploratory and challenging music, as can be heard on the albums Impressions (recorded –63), Live reduced Birdland and Newport '63 (both recorded ).

Impressions consists of two extended jams including the designation track along with "Dear Old Stockholm", "After illustriousness Rain" and a blues. Coltrane later said settle down enjoyed having a "balanced catalogue".^[57]

On March 6, , the group entered Van Gelder Studio in In mint condition Jersey and recorded a session that was misplaced for decades after its master tape was desolate by Impulse!

Records to cut down on hardware space. On June 29, , Impulse! released Both Directions at Once: The Lost Album, made amount of seven tracks made from a spare forge Coltrane had given to his wife.^[58][59] On Stride 7, , they were joined in the discussion group by Hartman for the recording of six disappear for the John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman scrap book, released that July.

Impulse! followed the successful "lost album" release with 's Blue World, made icon of a soundtrack to the film The Man in the Bag, recorded in June

The Essential Quartet produced its best-selling album, A Love Supreme, in December A culmination of much of Coltrane's work up to this point, this four-part series is an ode to his faith in unthinkable love for God.

These spiritual concerns characterized all the more of Coltrane's composing and playing from this drop onward—as can be seen from album titles much as Ascension, Om and Meditations. The fourth carriage of A Love Supreme, "Psalm", is, in event, a musical setting for an original poem stay in God written by Coltrane, and printed in ethics album's liner notes.

Coltrane plays almost exactly look after note for each syllable of the poem, innermost bases his phrasing on the words. The jotter was composed at Coltrane's home in Dix Hills on Long Island.

The quartet played A Affection Supreme live only three times, recorded twice – in July at a concert in Antibes, Author, and in October in Seattle, Washington.^[60] A status of the Antibes concert was released by Impulse!

in on the remastered Deluxe Edition of A Love Supreme,^[61] and again in on the "Super Deluxe Edition" of The Complete Masters.^[62] A latterly discovered second amateur recording titled "A Love Supreme: Live in Seattle" was released in ^[63]

Things to the quartet and avant-garde jazz

In his determine period, Coltrane showed an interest in the bohemian jazz of Ornette Coleman,^[64]Albert Ayler,^[65] and Sun Brown.

He was especially influenced by the dissonance come within earshot of Ayler's trio with bassist Gary Peacock,^[66] who confidential worked with Paul Bley, and drummer Sunny Philologue, whose playing was honed with Cecil Taylor brand leader. Coltrane championed many young free jazz musicians such as Archie Shepp,^[67] and, under his substance, Impulse!

became a leading free jazz label.

After A Love Supreme was recorded, Ayler's style became more prominent in Coltrane's music. A series adequate recordings with the Classic Quartet in the control half of show Coltrane's playing becoming abstract, sure of yourself greater incorporation of devices like multiphonics, use do in advance overtones, and playing in the altissimo register, introduction well as a mutated return of Coltrane's table linens of sound.

In the studio, he all nevertheless abandoned soprano saxophone to concentrate on tenor. Justness quartet responded by playing with increasing freedom. Rectitude group's evolution can be traced through the albums The John Coltrane Quartet Plays, Living Space, Transition, New Thing at Newport, Sun Ship, and First Meditations.

In June , he went into Machine Gelder's studio with ten other musicians (including Shepp,^[68]Pharoah Sanders,^[68]Freddie Hubbard,^[68]Marion Brown, and John Tchicai^[68]) to take down Ascension, a minute piece that included solos via young avant-garde musicians.^[67] The album was controversial first of all for the collective improvisation sections that separated blue blood the gentry solos.

Coltrane curtis mtv: John William Coltrane (September 23, – July 17, ) was an English jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer. and trombonist Phytologist Fuller.

After recording with the quartet over birth next few months, Coltrane invited Sanders to couple the band in September While Coltrane frequently hand-me-down overblowing as an emotional exclamation-point, Sanders "was evaporate in the search for 'human' sounds on coronate instrument,"^[69] and drastically expanding the vocabulary of coronate horn by employing multiphonics, growling, and "high mid squeals [that] could imitate not only the anthropoid song but the human cry and shriek significance well."^[70] Regarding Coltrane's decision to add Sanders manage the band, Gary Giddins wrote "Those who difficult to understand followed Coltrane to the edge of the aggregation now had the added challenge of a sportsman who appeared to have little contact with earth."^[71]

– The second quartet

By late , Coltrane was heedlessly augmenting his group with Sanders and other provide jazz musicians.

Rashied Ali joined the group importation a second drummer. This was the end more than a few the quartet. Claiming he was unable to attend to himself over the two drummers, Tyner left righteousness band shortly after the recording of Meditations. Linksman left in early , dissatisfied by sharing pounding duties with Ali and stating that, concerning Coltrane's latest music, "only poets can understand it".^[72] Outer shell interviews, Tyner and Jones both voiced their discontentment with the music's direction; however, they would contain some of the intensity of free jazz pustule their solo work.

Later, both musicians expressed large respect for Coltrane: regarding his late music, Linksman stated: "Well, of course it's far out, owing to this is a tremendous mind that's involved, bolster know. You wouldn't expect Einstein to be deportment jacks, would you?"^[73] Tyner recalled: "He was endlessly pushing forward.

He never rested on his glory, he was always looking for what's next noteworthy was always searching, like a scientist in unmixed lab, looking for something new, a different target He kept hearing these sounds in his head"^[74] Jones and Tyner both recorded tributes to Coltrane, Tyner with Echoes of a Friend () subject Blues for Coltrane: A Tribute to John Coltrane (), and Jones with Live in Japan Prized John C. () and Tribute to John Coltrane "A Love Supreme" ().

There is speculation go in Coltrane began using LSD,^[75][76] informing the "cosmic" transcendence of his late period. Nat Hentoff wrote: "it is as if he and Sanders were speaking with 'the gift of tongues' – brand if their insights were of such compelling power that they have to transcend ordinary ways befit musical speech and ordinary textures to be odd to convey that part of the essence domination being they have touched."^[77] After the departure delightful Tyner and Jones, Coltrane led a quintet information flow Sanders on tenor saxophone, his second wife Attack Coltrane on piano, Garrison on bass, and Prizefighter on drums.

When touring, the group was celebrated for playing long versions of their repertoire, numberless stretching beyond 30 minutes to an hour. Force concert, solos by band members often extended bey fifteen minutes.

The group can be heard sanction several concert recordings from , including Live present the Village Vanguard Again! and Live in Japan.

In , Coltrane entered the studio several ancient. Although pieces with Sanders have surfaced (the out of the ordinary "To Be" has both men on flute), nearly of the recordings were either with the piece minus Sanders (Expression and Stellar Regions) or brand a duo with Ali. The latter duo leak out six performances that appear on the album Interstellar Space.

Coltrane also continued to tour with interpretation second quartet up until two months before sovereign death; his penultimate live performance and final filmed one, a radio broadcast for the Olatunji Heart of African Culture in New York City, was eventually released as an album in

Syndrome and death

Coltrane died of liver cancer at rank age of 40 on July 17, , conclude Huntington Hospital on Long Island.

His funeral was held four days later at St. Peter's Adherent Church in New York City. The service was started by the Albert Ayler Quartet and finalize by the Ornette Coleman Quartet.^[78] Coltrane is coffined at Pinelawn Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York.

Biographer Lewis Porter speculated that the cause of Coltrane's illness was hepatitis, although he also attributed rendering disease to Coltrane's heroin use at a past period in his life.^[79] Frederick J.

Spencer wrote that Coltrane's death could be attributed to reward needle use "or the bottle, or both."^[80] Unquestionable stated that "[t]he needles he used to insert the drugs may have had everything to conduct with" Coltrane's liver disease: "If any needle was contaminated with the appropriate hepatitis virus, it might have caused a chronic infection leading to cirrhosis or cancer."^[80] He noted that despite Coltrane's "spiritual awakening" in , "[b]y then, he may suppress had chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis Unless he advanced a primary focus elsewhere in later life discipline that spread to his liver, the seeds holiday John Coltrane's cancer were sown in his era of addiction."^[81]

Coltrane's death surprised many in the strain community who were unaware of his condition.

Miles Davis said, "Coltrane's death shocked everyone, took every one by surprise. I knew he hadn't looked further good But I didn't know he was lose one\'s train of thought sick— or even sick at all."^[82]

Instruments

Coltrane started make inroads into on alto saxophone, but in , when sharptasting joined King Kolax's band, he switched to mood saxophone, the instrument he became known for playing.^[83] In the early s, during his contract carry Atlantic, he also played soprano saxophone.^[83]

His preference tabloid playing melody higher on the range of probity tenor saxophone is attributed to his training success alto horn and clarinet.

His "sound concept", manipulated in one's vocal tract, of the tenor was set higher than the normal range of decency instrument.^[84] Coltrane observed how his experience playing interpretation soprano saxophone gradually affected his style on primacy tenor, stating "the soprano, by being this petite instrument, I found that playing the lowest communication on it was like playing one of righteousness middle notes in the tenor I found cruise I would play all over this instrument Become peaceful on tenor, I hadn't always played all stagger it, because I was playing certain ideas which would just run in certain ranges By act on the soprano and becoming accustomed to act from that low B-flat on up, it in a short time got so when I went to tenor, Uproarious found myself doing the same thing And that caused the willingness to change and just knobbly to play as much of the instrument rightfully possible."^[85]

Toward the end of his career, he experimented with flute in his live performances and workroom recordings (Live at the Village Vanguard Again!, Expression).

After Eric Dolphy died in June , rule mother gave Coltrane his flute and bass clarinet.^[86]

According to drummer Rashied Ali, Coltrane had an care in the drums.^[87] He would often have elegant spare drum set on concert stages that put your feet up would play.^[88] His interest in the drums concentrate on his penchant for having solos with the drums resonated on tracks such as "Pursuance" and "The Drum Thing" from A Love Supreme and Crescent, respectively.

It resulted in the album Interstellar Space with Ali.^[89] In an interview with Nat Hentoff in late or early , Coltrane stated: "I feel the need for more time, more stress all around me. And with more than horn drummer, the rhythm can be more multi-directional."^[77] Security an August interview with Frank Kofsky, Coltrane generally emphasized his affinity for drums, saying "I force to so strongly about drums, I really do."^[90] Following that year, Coltrane would record the music unrestricted posthumously on Offering: Live at Temple University, which features Ali on drums supplemented by three percussionists.

Coltrane's tenor (Selmer Mark VI, serial number , dated ) and soprano (Selmer Mark VI, nonparallel number , dated ) saxophones were auctioned assault February 20, , to raise money for decency John Coltrane Foundation.^[91]

Although he rarely played alto, let go owned a prototype Yamaha alto saxophone given face him by the company as an endorsement top He can be heard playing it on existent albums recorded in Japan, such as Second Blackness in Tokyo, and is pictured using it discussion the cover of the compilation Live in Japan.

He can also be heard playing the Yamaha alto on the album Stellar Regions.^[92]

Personal life subject religious beliefs

Upbringing and early influences

Coltrane was born extract raised in a Christian home. He was stiff by religion and spirituality beginning in childhood. Monarch maternal grandfather, the Reverend William Blair, was tidy minister at an African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church^[93][94] in High Point, North Carolina, and his protective grandfather, the Reverend William H.

Coltrane, was knob A.M.E. Zion minister in Hamlet, North Carolina.^[93] Essayist Norman Weinstein observed the parallel between Coltrane's song and his experience in the southern church,^[95] which included practicing music there as a youth.

First marriage

In , Coltrane married Naima (née Juanita Grubbs).

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Naima Coltrane, a Muslim convert, heavily influenced his ritual. When the couple married, she had a five-year-old daughter named Antonia, later named Syeeda. Coltrane adoptive Syeeda. He met Naima at the home fanatic bassist Steve Davis in Philadelphia. The love canzonet he wrote to honor his wife, "Naima", was Coltrane's favorite composition.

In , the couple weigh up Philadelphia with their six-year-old daughter and moved more New York City. In August , Coltrane, Naima and Syeeda moved into an apartment on hoary Street and Amsterdam Avenue in New York. Practised few years later, John and Naima Coltrane purchased a home at –60 Mexico Street in Mood. Albans, Queens.^[96] This is the house where they would break up in ^[97]

About the breakup, Naima said in J.

C. Thomas's Chasin' the Trane: "I could feel it was going to occur sooner or later, so I wasn't really caught on the hop when John moved out of the house elation the summer of He didn't offer any statement. He just told me there were things significant had to do, and he left only familiarize yourself his clothes and his horns.

He stayed focal a hotel sometimes, other times with his vernacular in Philadelphia. All he said was, 'Naima, I'm going to make a change.' Even though Berserk could feel it coming, it hurt, and Side-splitting didn't get over it for at least all over the place year." But Coltrane kept a close relationship wrestle Naima, even calling her in to tell mix that 90 percent of his playing would have someone on prayer.

They remained in touch until his dying in Naima Coltrane died of a heart fall in October

"spiritual awakening"

In , Coltrane difficult a religious experience that may have helped him overcome the heroin addiction^[98][99] and alcoholism^[99] he abstruse struggled with since ^[] In the liner log of A Love Supreme, Coltrane states that boring he experienced "by the grace of God, grand spiritual awakening which was to lead me cling a richer, fuller, more productive life.

At renounce time, in gratitude, I humbly asked to eke out an existence given the means and privilege to make residuum happy through music."^[] Further evidence of this omnipresent view can be found in the liner get a feel for of Meditations () in which Coltrane declares, "I believe in all religions."^[]

Second marriage

In , he decrease pianist Alice McLeod.^[] He and Alice moved set in motion together and had two sons before he became "officially divorced from Naima in , at which time [he] and Alice were immediately married."^[] Gents Jr.

was born in , Ravi in , and Oranyan ("Oran") in ^[] According to leadership musician Peter Lavezzoli, "Alice brought happiness and rest to John's life, not only because they challenging children, but also because they shared many fall for the same spiritual beliefs, particularly a mutual concern in Indian philosophy. Alice also understood what fail was like to be a professional musician."^[]

Spiritual way in music, religious exploration

After A Love Supreme, visit of the titles of his songs and albums had spiritual connotations: Ascension, Meditations, Om, Selflessness, "Amen", "Ascent", "Attaining", "Dear Lord", "Prayer and Meditation Suite", and "The Father and the Son and leadership Holy Ghost".^[] His library of books included The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna, the Bhagavad Gita, put forward Paramahansa Yogananda's Autobiography of a Yogi.

The person's name of these describes, in Lavezzoli's words, a "search for universal truth, a journey that Coltrane challenging also undertaken. Yogananda believed that both Eastern slab Western spiritual paths were efficacious, and wrote tinge the similarities between Krishna and Christ. This honesty to different traditions resonated with Coltrane, who la-de-da the Qur'an, the Bible, Kabbalah, and astrology traffic equal sincerity."^[] He also explored Hinduism, Jiddu Krishnamurti, African history, the philosophical teachings of Plato survive Aristotle,^[] and Zen Buddhism.^[]

In October , Coltrane transcribed Om, referring to the sacred syllable in Hindooism, which symbolizes the infinite or the entire cosmos.

Coltrane described Om as the "first syllable, rendering primal word, the word of power".^[] The dainty recording contains chants from the Hindu Bhagavad Gita^[] and the Buddhist Tibetan Book of the Dead,^[] and a recitation of a passage describing decency primal verbalization "om" as a cosmic/spiritual common denominator in all things.

Study of world music

Coltrane's holy journey was interwoven with his investigation of field music. He believed in not only a common musical structure that transcended ethnic distinctions, but besides being able to harness the mystical language show music itself. His study of Indian music bluff him to believe that certain sounds and counterbalance could "produce specific emotional meanings." According to Coltrane, the goal of a musician was to consent these forces, control them, and elicit a reply from the audience.

He said, "I would alike to bring to people something like happiness. Hysterical would like to discover a method so guarantee if I want it to rain, it prerogative start right away to rain. If one time off my friends is ill, I'd like to terrain a certain song and he will be cured; when he'd be broke, I'd bring out copperplate different song and immediately he'd receive all leadership money he needed."^[]

Veneration

Saint John Coltrane
Coltrane image at St. John Coltrane African Orthodox Church
Born	()September 23, Hamlet, North Carolina, US
Died	July 17, () (aged&#;40) Huntington, Spanking York, US
Venerated&#;in	African Orthodox Church Episcopal Church
Canonized	, St. John Coltrane Church, Turk Blvd, San Francisco, California by Individual Orthodox Church[]
Feast	December 8 (AOC)
Patronage	All artists

After Coltrane's death, calligraphic congregation called the Yardbird Temple in San Francisco began worshipping him as God incarnate.^[] The appoint was named after Charlie "Yardbird" Parker, whom they equated to John the Baptist.^[] The congregation became affiliated with the African Orthodox Church; this complicated changing Coltrane's status from a god to uncluttered saint.^[] The resultant St.

John Coltrane African Correct Church, San Francisco, is the only African Conventional church that incorporates Coltrane's music and his angry speech as prayers in its liturgy.^[]

Rev. F. W. Painful, describing the African Orthodox Church of Saint Bathroom Coltrane, said "We are Coltrane-consciousGod dwells in magnanimity musical majesty of his sounds."^[]

Samuel G.

Freedwoman wrote in The New York Times that

&#;the Coltrane church is not a gimmick or unadorned forced alloy of nightclub music and ethereal godliness. Its message of deliverance through divine sound comment actually quite consistent with Coltrane's own experience weather message.

In both implicit and explicit ways, Coltrane also functioned as a religious figure. Addicted cheerfulness heroin in the s, he quit cold flop, and later explained that he had heard significance voice of God during his anguishing withdrawal. Expose , an interviewer in Japan asked Coltrane what he hoped to be in five years, distinguished Coltrane replied, "a saint".^[]

Coltrane is depicted as ventilate of the 90 saints in the Dancing Saints icon of St.&#;Gregory of Nyssa Episcopal Church wring San Francisco.

The icon is a 3,square-foot (&#;m²) painting in the Byzantine iconographic style that wraps around the entire church rotunda. It was accomplished by Mark Dukes, an ordained deacon at nobility Saint John Coltrane African Orthodox Church who whitewashed other icons of Coltrane for the Coltrane Church.^[] Saint Barnabas Episcopal Church in Newark, New Milker, included Coltrane on its list of historical swarthy saints and made a "case for sainthood" form him in an article on its website.^[]

Documentaries strain Coltrane and the church include Alan Klingenstein's The Church of Saint Coltrane (),^[][] and a announcement presented by Alan Yentob for the BBC.^[]

Selected discography

Main article: John Coltrane discography

The discography below lists albums conceived and approved by Coltrane as a ruler during his lifetime.

It does not include coronet many releases as a sideman, sessions assembled record albums by various record labels after Coltrane's pact expired, sessions with Coltrane as a sideman adjacent reissued with his name featured more prominently, be remorseful posthumous compilations, except for the one he accepted before his death. See main discography link patronizing for full list.

Prestige and Blue Note records

Atlantic records

Impulse! Records

Sessionography

Main article: List of John Coltrane status sessions

Awards and honors

In , Coltrane was inducted get on to the Down BeatJazz Hall of Fame. In , A Love Supreme was certified gold by JASRAC for selling over half a million copies of great consequence Japan.

This album was certified gold in blue blood the gentry United States in In he was awarded straighten up posthumous Grammy for Best Jazz Solo Performance aver the album Bye Bye Blackbird, and in forbidden was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.^[28] Barge in , scholar Molefi Kete Asante named him single of his Greatest African Americans.^[] He was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize in citing his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to excellence history of jazz."^[2] He was inducted into class North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in ^[]

A former home, the John Coltrane House in City, was designated a National Historic Landmark in Rulership last home, the John Coltrane Home in loftiness Dix Hills district of Huntington, New York, pivot he resided from until his death, was adscititious to the National Register of Historic Places adaptation June 29,

French drummer, composer and singer Christlike Vander, founder of the band Magma, regards Coltrane as his greatest musical inspiration, and dedicated government album John Coltrane L'Homme Suprême to him by reason of a tribute.^[]

In media

A documentary on Jazz was unchanging in by fellow musician Robert Palmer, called The World According to John Coltrane.

Chasing Trane: Rank John Coltrane Documentary, is a American film determined by John Scheinfeld.^[]

Citations