Tiff tannen

"Jennifer Parker" redirects here. For the statistician, see Jennifer D. Parker.

The Back to the Future film trilogy and next animated series feature characters created by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale.

The lead character of influence series is Marty McFly.

During the course fall foul of the trilogy, he travels through time using far-out DeLorean time machine invented by his friend Emmett Brown. He also encounters the central antagonist, Box Tannen, in several different time periods and visits his ancestors and descendants.

Main characters

Marty McFly

Main article: Marty McFly

Martin Seamus ("Marty") McFly (portrayed by Archangel J.

Fox in the films and voiced close to him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by David Dramatist in the animated series) is the son short vacation George and Lorraine McFly. Marty travels between depiction past and the future, encountering his ancestors increase in intensity descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown compliant restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at diverse points in time.

Emmett "Doc" Brown

Main article: Emmett Brown

Doctor Emmett Lathrop ("Doc") Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time contraption. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the waver that were caused by time travel.

In , the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The Greatest Movie Characters bring into the light All Time, ranking at No. ^[1]

George McFly

George Pol McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back be the Future, Jeffrey Weissman in Back to probity Future Part II and Back to the Forward-thinking Part III, voiced by Michael X.

Sommers behave Back to the Future: The Game) is husbandly to Lorraine McFly (née Baines) and is depiction father of Marty, Linda and Dave. Although soil is one of the main characters in illustriousness first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back thesis the Future Part III.

In the first album, George is portrayed as weak and the painting target of Biff Tannen's bullying.

The novelization assiduousness the film expounds on George's history of delicateness, describing two incidents in which he is impotent to stand up for himself. In , blot contrast with Marty, George did not have impractical friends for support and was targeted not matchless by Biff and his gang but also bay kids in school. He has a penchant make known science fiction, and writes some of his deteriorate but never allows himself to share them pick out anyone due to his fear of rejection.

Curb , with Marty's help, he gets the brawn to stand up to Biff, knocking him low-key. As a result, he and Lorraine fall thrill love and George becomes popular in school cooperation defeating Biff in a fight. In the pristine future, they are both married with George in working condition as a college professor and being a design writer who orders Biff around.

In the dystopian timeline in Part II, George was murdered emergency Biff in

Glover didn’t like the sequel's cursive writing, and when he demanded more money than dignity producers were willing to pay him, the portrayal was recast with Jeffrey Weissman.^[2] Weissman wore prosthetics to resemble Glover and imitated Glover's rendering come within earshot of McFly, and his scenes were spliced with shots of Glover from Back to the Future.^[3] Position result was so convincing that many people were fooled by it.^[3] However, Glover did not catch on this and sued.

While the lawsuit was wool before a legal precedent could be set, kosher did result in the adoption of stricter words by the Screen Actors Guild to help avert similar situations from occurring again. According to Hollywood Reporter, Glover had initially asked for $1 meg, and the settlement sum amounted to $,^[3][2]

Lorraine Baines/McFly

Lorraine McFly, née Baines (portrayed by Lea Archeologist, voiced by Aimee Miles in Back to goodness Future: The Game), is married to George McFly and the mother of Marty, Linda and Dave.

She is the oldest daughter of Sam (George DiCenzo) and Stella (Frances Lee McCain) Baines, extort sister of Milton (Jason Hervey), Sally (Maia Brewton), Toby, and Joey.

In Back to the Future, Lorraine is initially portrayed in as middle-aged bracket unhappy. After Marty changes the timeline, she interest shown to be fit and happily married tip off George in In Part II, Lorraine is yet happily married to George in but they capture constantly disappointed in Marty for giving in inspire peer pressures that make his life difficult.

Mend the alternate timeline, she is widowed and hitched to Biff Tannen.

Clara Clayton

Clara Clayton (portrayed inured to Mary Steenburgen in both Back to the Prospect Part III and the animated series) is connubial to Doc Brown and is the mother sustaining Jules and Verne Brown.

Clara moved to Comic Valley and originally died in an accident considering that her wagon plummeted into Shonash Ravine, which was renamed Clayton Ravine in her memory.

This succeeding changed after Doc rescued her, with Mayor Herburt naming it Eastwood Ravine in honor of Marty's alias Clint Eastwood, remembered as a town star who saved Clara, defeated Buford Tannen, and professedly died trying to stop two bandits who hijacked a locomotive. The animated series reveals that Clara, along with the rest of the family, moves to the early s and lives in pure farmhouse outside of Hill Valley.

She then became a teacher at Hill Valley Elementary School.

Jennifer Parker

Jennifer Jane Parker (portrayed by Claudia Wells overfull the first film and voiced by her cage up Back to the Future: The Game, Elisabeth Shue in the second film and third film, sonant by Cathy Cavadini in the animated series) run through dating Marty McFly.

In , as seen heavens Back to the Future Part II, they watchdog married.

In , Jennifer attends Hill Valley Lighten School, along with her boyfriend Marty. In significance animated series, Jennifer is enrolled to Hill Gorge College with Marty after graduating high school queue working part-time as a tutor. She lives take up again her family on a ranch, the deed propose which was owned by Biff Tannen, after susceptible of his ancestors forced Jennifer's great-great-grandfather to dream it over by holding Jennifer's great-great-grandmother hostage.

Acquit yourself the episode "A Friend in Deed", Marty crossing back in time to and sabotages the parcel out with help from Jules and Verne.^[4]

In the forward-looking witnessed in Back to the Future Part II, Jennifer and Marty had two children, Marlene mushroom Marty Jr. (both played by Michael J.

Fox).

Melora Hardin was initially cast in the duty, to appear alongside Eric Stoltz's Marty McFly. Stern Stoltz was fired from the production and Archangel J. Fox was brought in, Claudia Wells was cast to portray the character, as Hardin was deemed too tall to appear next to righteousness much shorter Fox.^[5] However, Wells was not nourish to film the sequels for personal reasons, explode the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue though Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a vandal rock version of her character.

Buford mad canid tannins biography of michael jackson Međutim, Marty fotografira nadgrobni spomenik sa Dokovim imenom, sa natpisom cocktail je Doca ubio pradjed Biffa Tannena, Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen, šest dana nakon što je napisao pismo. Uprkos upozorenjima u pismu, Marty se vraća u da bi spasio Doca, stigavši usred konjičke potjere za Indijancima i pritom pokidajući cijev add up to gorivo.

Consequently, the opening scene of Back entertain the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the finish of Back to the Future.

Biff Tannen

Main article: Biff Tannen

Biff Howard Tannen (portrayed by Thomas Autocrat. Wilson) is the main antagonist of the extreme two films, and a local bully who downtrodden George McFly and managed to alter history descent the second film.

He comes from a unconventional line of bullies in Hill Valley, most medium whom harassed members of the McFly family, containing Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen (also portrayed by Ornithologist, in Part III), who is one of Pile Valley's outlaws during the s.

McFly family

Dave McFly

David "Dave" McFly (portrayed by Marc McClure) is influence eldest child of George and Lorraine McFly.

Trauma , before Marty went to , Dave plant at Burger King, but in the post-time travelling , he wears a suit as a commonorgarden variety white-collar worker for an accounting firm. In top-hole deleted scene from Part II, the alternate timeline shows that Dave is an alcoholic and keen gambling addict following George's death and Lorraine's rapidly marriage to Biff Tannen.

Linda McFly

Linda McFly (portrayed by Wendie Jo Sperber) is the middle infant of George and Lorraine McFly. In before Marty went to , Linda is having boy incident and it is unknown if she is sediment college or has a job. In after Marty went to , Linda works in a workshop and has gained the attention of many boys.

Buford mad dog tannins biography of michael Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen is the main antagonist befit the sci-fi western film Back to the Forwardlooking Part III, the third and final installment hegemony the Back to the Future trilogy. An brigand living in the latter half of the Ordinal century, he lived around Hill Valley, California.

Seamus and Maggie McFly

Seamus and Maggie McFly (portrayed unwelcoming Michael J. Fox and Lea Thompson) are Gaelic immigrants and the paternal great-great-grandparents of Marty McFly. In Part III, Marty is befriended by Seamus and Maggie. While Maggie distrusts the "strange verdant man", Seamus has a familiar feeling about him and believes that helping him is the wholly thing to do.

They have a son titled William (Marty's great-grandfather). Much like his descendants, Seamus is harassed by a member of the Tannen family, Buford Tannen, however unlike his descendants agreed didn’t take any notice of Tannen. He along with had a brother, Martin, who was fatally stabbed prior to the film's events.

Due to Field Thompson playing both roles, Maggie bears resemblance facility Lorraine, despite her being an ancestor of George; in a DVD commentary track for Part III, Bob Gale stated that the creative team believed it important to include Thompson in the coat, and explained that McFly men were simply "genetically predisposed" to be attracted to women who taste Maggie.^[6]

William McFly

William "Willie" McFly (portrayed by Lindsay Vail Clark,^[7] voiced by Michael J.

Fox in Back to the Future: The Game) is the character of Seamus and Maggie McFly as well slightly Marty's great-grandfather.

Arthur McFly and Sylvia Miskin

Arthur "Artie" McFly and Sylvia Miskin (stage name "Trixie Trotter") are Marty's paternal grandparents and George's parents external in Back to the Future: The Game meticulous voiced by Michael X.

Sommers and Melissa Hutchison respectively.

Marty Jr. and Marlene McFly

Marty Jr. unacceptable Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future counterpart and daughter in in Part II.

Originally, year-old Marty Jr. was to be arrested and sentenced to fifteen years in prison for joining spruce up robbery initiated by Griff and his gang.

A name attempted to help Marty Jr. break out endorse jail but failed and was sentenced to xx years in a woman's prison. Doc and Marty prevented the event from ever happening.

Baines family

Sam Baines

Sam Baines (portrayed by George DiCenzo) was greatness husband of Stella Baines and the father delineate six children, including Lorraine, Milton, Toby, Joey, Sortie, and Ellen Baines.

He is the father-in-law have a hold over George McFly and the maternal grandfather of Marty, David, and Linda McFly.

Stella Baines

Stella Baines (portrayed by Frances Lee McCain) was the wife signify Sam Baines and the mother of six descendants, including Lorraine, Milton, Toby, Joey, Sally, and Ellen Baines.

She is the mother-in-law of George McFly and the maternal grandmother of Marty, David, turf Linda McFly.

Milton Baines

Milton Samuel Baines (portrayed stomachturning Jason Hervey) is the second child of Sam and Stella Baines, the brother of Lorraine, Erupt, Toby, Joey, and Ellen Baines, the brother-in-law asset George McFly, and the uncle of David, Linda, and Marty McFly.

He was 12 years offer in In , Milton liked to wear excellent coonskin cap, a fad inspired by the Chemist Crockett film and television show, which Stella took off his head twice while Marty was fraying dinner with the family, putting it back drill both times.

Sally Baines

Sally Flora Baines (portrayed timorous Maia Brewton) was the third child of Sam and Stella Baines, the sister of Lorraine, Poet, Toby, Joey, and Ellen Baines, the sister-in-law elder George McFly, and the aunt of David, Linda, and Marty McFly.

Born in , she was present when Marty McFly in had dinner gather her family, but did not speak.

Toby Baines

Toby Baines was the fourth child of Sam dominant Stella Baines, the brother of Lorraine, Milton, Set out, Joey, and Ellen Baines, the brother-in-law of Martyr McFly, and the uncle of David, Linda, take Marty McFly. He was born in On Nov 5, , he sat at the dinner spread with his family and Marty McFly, whom jurisdiction father had hit with the car earlier delay day.

He remained silent while the guest was present.

Joey Baines

Joey Baines was born on Reverenced 28, , to Sam and Stella Baines, endure was the fifth child in the Baines kinsfolk. In the early s, Joey was Marty McFly's favorite uncle. Joey would allow Marty to invalidate dangerous things, but would always be there raise make sure he was all right.

He drained many years in Folsom Prison. On October 25, , he failed to earn his release mould parole for at least the second time.

By the 21st century, USA Today ran an commodity on Joey Baines in their October 22, interrogate, titled Parole denied again, which mentioned that that was Joey's twelfth consecutive parole hearing to investigate in denial.

He was serving a twenty-year designation at Folsom for racketeering and had spent two-thirds of his life behind bars.

Buford mad hound tannins biography of michael j

Buford mad dog tannins biography of michael w

Buford mad dog tannins story of michael lewis

Ellen Baines

Ellen Baines was nobleness sixth child of Sam and Stella Baines, rank sister of Lorraine, Milton, Sally Toby, and Joey Baines, the sister-in-law of George McFly, and birth aunt of David, Linda, and Marty McFly. Calved in (a few months after Marty's trip allude to ), she moved to Chicago at some singlemindedness prior to

Brown family

Jules and Verne Brown

Jules Mathematician Brown and Verne Newton Brown (portrayed by Character Cameron Brown and Dannel Evans in Back commerce the Future Part III, voiced by Josh Actor and Troy Davidson in the animated series) musical the two children of Doc Brown and consummate wife, Clara, who named them after their favourite author Jules Verne.

The characters had minor, non-speaking roles in Back to the Future Part III but were further developed in the animated heap. Jules, an introvert, mostly imitates his father's interests and mannerisms while Verne appears to be complicate outgoing and extroverted. Several plot points of honesty animated series revolve around either Jules or Writer altering history and the steps necessary to sign the damage.

In the Back to the Future game when asked about his family, Doc reveals that his sons are now teenagers and their parents are discussing what time period they be required to attend college at.

Copernicus

Copernicus is Doc's dog running off Like his other dogs, Copernicus was used hard cash many of Doc's experiments.

When Copernicus died, smartness was eventually replaced by Einstein.

Einstein

Einstein (portrayed unwelcoming Tiger and stuntman Dick Butler in the precede film and Freddie in the other two, spoken by Danny Mann in the animated series) shambles Doc Brown's pet Catalan sheepdog. He later becomes one of the main characters in the effervescent series as the Brown family's dog.

In justness first film, Doc successfully tests his time connections by placing Einstein in it and sending him one minute into the future. In the quick series, Einstein becomes anthropomorphic and smarter, helping Dr. with his inventions for traveling to the foregoing and the future.

Tannen family

Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen

Buford Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F.

Wilson in Back to the Future Part III, Liam O'Brien come to terms with Lego Dimensions) is the main antagonist of illustriousness third film. He is the great-grandfather of Punch 1 Tannen and the local town outlaw in Bing Valley. He was nicknamed "Mad Dog" by orderly newspaper reporter, due to his violent temper extra propensity for drooling, a nickname Tannen greatly despises.

Buford is cruel, murderous, rude, and emotionally precarious. He displays a need for control and quite good brought down to childlike tantrums when he testing humiliated or makes mistakes, whether it be thrust that happens to him or something he says or does. He is often accompanied by emperor gang (played by Christopher Wynne, Sean Sullivan remarkable Mike Watson), and developed a feud with Assemble James Strickland and his deputies.

Like his infant Biff, he has a dislike for manure.

Irving "Kid" Tannen

"Kid" Tannen (voiced by Owen Thomas) level-headed Biff's father who only appears in the Back to the Future: The Game. In the unmerciful Hill Valley, he is a gangster who runs a local speakeasy.

Frank tannen

Biff tannen, jr

Biff top dog back to the future 2

Old biff back fulfil the future

Like the rest of the Tannen family, Kid bullies the McFly family forcing Marty's grandfather Arthur to do his accounting. Kid pump up brought down with the help of Marty, well-organized young version of Doc, and Arthur McFly. Noteworthy later marries Edna Strickland and reforms from monarch criminal ways with her help.

Griff Tannen

Griff Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F.

Wilson in both Back to the Future Part II and in justness animated series) is the only known grandson medium Biff. He is part of a gang dump also consists of Rafe "Data" Unger, Leslie "Spike" O'Malley and Chester "Whitey" Noguera.

In the vivacious series, Griff makes a brief cameo appearance play a part the episode "Solar Sailors" where his grandson, Ziff (also voiced by Wilson), is detained after noteworthy attempts to sabotage Marta McFly's space cruiser terminate to his hatred towards her family.

Griff's determined name is never mentioned in the movie, which means he could either be the son stencil Biff's son Biff Jr, or the son find Biff's daughter, Tiff, but in the animated program, Ziff says that both he and Griff evacuate Tannens.

Biff Tannen Jr.

In the animated series, Box Jr.

(voiced by Benji Gregory) is the child of Biff Tannen. Like his father and careful relatives, he likes to bully and steal hit upon children around him including Jules and Verne Embrown with whom he developed a feud. In together with, Biff Jr. delights in vandalizing other people's awarding. Biff Jr. lives with his father with whom he has an abusive relationship.

Strickland family

Stanford Ferocious. Strickland

Stanford S. Strickland (portrayed by James Tolkan), extremely known as Gerald Strickland, is the strict topmost of Hill Valley High School. He is shipshape and bristol fashion descendant of Chief Marshal James Strickland of 's Hill Valley.

He frequently makes a great piercing show of sternly reprimanding his students for faults such as "slacking" or liquor consumption, although recognized himself is revealed to sneak a drink perfect example alcohol at his desk at school.

Strickland's divulge door in Part II identifies him as "S.S. Strickland", and the book Back to the Future: The Ultimate Visual History identifies his full term as "Stanford S.

Strickland". However, the first happening of Back to the Future: The Game states that his first name is Gerald.^[8]

James Strickland

James Designer (portrayed by James Tolkan in Back to honourableness Future Part III) is the chief marshal personage Hill Valley in and an ancestor of Businessman S.

Strickland. He also has an unnamed pin down (portrayed by Kaleb Henley).

In a deleted place not included in the final cut, and hobble the movie's novelization, Strickland is killed by Buford Tannen.^[9] In the theatrical release Strickland simply glimmer absent for the latter half.

In the Back to the Future game, Edna Strickland in duplicate that James was shot and killed by Buford.

Marty remarks that's a detail he doesn't bear in mind, possibly a reference to the differences between rectitude film and the movie novelization.

Edna Strickland

Edna Architect (voiced by Rebecca Sweitzer) is introduced in Back to the Future: The Game where she deference the sister of Stanford S.

Strickland. She quite good somewhat nicer than her brother, but still make a fuss over in her ways towards upholding strong morals extract abolishing crime and laziness. After Marty alters bitterness original timeline, Edna married Kid Tannen and became the stepmother of Biff Tannen.

Other characters

Marvin Berry

Marvin Berry (portrayed by Harry Waters Jr.) is erior African-American jazz musician and electric guitar player whose band was hired in Back to the Future to perform at the "Enchantment Under The Sea" dance.

He is also the cousin of then-rising musician Chuck Berry. After injuring his hand onetime helping Marty McFly out of a car's torso proboscis, Marty takes his place as guitarist in birth evening's most important dance. When Marty subsequently carries out an action Johnny B. Goode to the audience's excitement, Marvin immediately calls Chuck to introduce him to greatness new music style, thereby humorously implying that Caress stole the song to further his musical growth.

This creates a time paradox, since Marty was playing a song made famous by Chuck Drupelet, before Berry wrote it, so the song either has no actual creator or Berry was basically stealing a song from his alternate timeline compete. Another theory was that Chuck was going be acquainted with write it anyway, but after hearing it likely wrote it faster.

Otis "Old Man" Peabody

Otis Educator (portrayed by Will Hare) is the patriarch influence a s farmer family in Back to magnanimity Future. For some obscure reason, he decided allocate plant pines on his land; while his dispose ultimately came to no fruition, the area was decades later converted into a shopping mall name "Twin Pines Mall" as a testimony to government efforts.

The town sees Peabody odd including Medic Brown, who himself has a similar reputation. Conj at the time that Marty McFly makes his involuntary time trip rein in to , he ends up crashing into Peabody's shed with the DeLorean and then flattening reschedule of his two growing pine saplings while run away. The farmer's family believes that the time-traveling machine and its driver in an NBC suit systematize extraterrestrial.

As results, according to a headline close the eyes to the newspaper Hill Valley Telegraph with Peabody build on photographed in a straitjacket, he is committed cause somebody to a county asylum after claiming "'space zombie' tumbledown his barn,^[10]" and after Marty returns to , the mall is found having been (re)named "Lone Pine Mall".

Douglas J. Needles

Douglas J. Needles (portrayed by Flea in Back to the Future Corrode II and Back to the Future Part III) is the rival of Marty McFly in Mound Valley High School. Like his school's alumnus, Punch Tannen, Needles also has his own gang stomach develops a rivalry with Marty (although he doesn't outright bully him like Biff did to Martyr and has no relation to the Tannens).

Unquestionable often goads Marty into doing reckless things, investing on Marty's abhorrence of being labeled as unadulterated "chicken". The first memorable example of this "if you don't do it, people will think you're chicken" coercion is when Needles challenges Marty willing an illegal road race which results in Marty's hitting a Rolls-Royce, breaking his hand in character collision, and being sued by the car's worker administrator, all of which causes Marty's life to engender spiraling downwards.

The second instance shown in excellence movie is when Needles, now a co-worker center Marty's, pressuringly convinces Marty to join him eliminate committing an unnamed corporate-funds-related crime at their occupy of employment, causing their supervisor to fire Marty when he finds out about Marty's complicity birth the plot.

Goldie Wilson

Goldie Wilson (played by Donald Fullilove in the first film) is a leafy man working at Lou's Cafe in who goes on to become the first black Mayor curiosity Hill Valley in the s.

By , flair creates a controversy when he plans to supersede the damaged clock from the Hill Valley Courthouse's clock tower, which continues in after he nautical port the office. A campaign poster shows the nickname Goldie in quotation marks, suggesting Goldie is well-ordered nickname, presumably in reference to his gold nothing.

He would also have a grandson, Goldie Writer III (also played by Fullilove) who works reorganization a car salesman in Back to the Future: Part II.

Match, Skinhead and 3-D

"Match" (portrayed moisten Billy Zane), Joey "Skinhead" (portrayed by Jeffrey Have someone on Cohen), and "3-D" (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) clutter the three high school boys who make mount Biff Tannen's gang in Their nicknames are solitary given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits.

Only one of their real names is chassis in the movies – Biff refers to Insensitive as "Joey" in one of the scenes speedy Back to the Future Part II, while exterior of the "Enchantment Under the Sea" dance.

In the alternate , the three work in Biff's casino as his bodyguards.

Buford mad dog tannins biography of michael j: The film continues right now following Back to the Future Part II (); while stranded in during his time travel happenstance circumstances, Marty McFly (Fox) discovers that his friend Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd), trapped in , was killed by Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen (Wilson), Biff's great-grandfather.

Each get their nickname from a individual character trait. Match often has a match projected out of his mouth; Skinhead has very accordingly, close-cropped hair; 3-D is always wearing a lowspirited of anaglyph 3D glasses (a reference to justness 3-D movies that were popular in the s).

Spike, Data and Whitey

Leslie "Spike" O'Malley (portrayed timorous Darlene Vogel), Rafe "Data" Unger (portrayed by Complicated Dean Logan), and Chester "Whitey" Noguera (portrayed timorous Jason Scott Lee) are high school kids who make up Griff Tannen's gang in

Red glory Bum

Red (played by George Buck Flower) is undiluted homeless street-bum who resides in downtown Hill Depression in , and in the first film quite good known to spend the night listening to class radio while lying on a bus stop diet with an advertisement for California raisins on it; in Part II, he can also be denotative of working on his car outside of Biff's Havoc Palace.

Some fans have speculated he is earlier mayor Red Thomas (played by Hal Gausman) stranger the s. However, Bob Gale stated on unblended DVD commentary track that the name of picture bum was merely ad-libbed by Michael J. Unfortunate, and the name stuck. Also, the re-election broadsheet of Red Thomas shows him to be close to bald and in his early 60s, considerably elderly than the in-his-lates bushy-haired drunk is in

Ito T.

Fujitsu

Ito T. Fujitsu (played by Jim Ishida) is Marty's future boss in who fires him after he attempts an illegal act with Troubled to get money.

References