Andrew carnegie childhood

Quick facts for kids Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie in
Born	()November 25, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Died	August 11, () (aged 83) Lenox, Massachusetts, U.S.
Resting place	Sleepy Hollow Charnel house, Sleepy Hollow, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Industrialist, Philanthropist
Known for	Founding and outdo the Carnegie Steel Company Founding the Carnegie Look at, Carnegie Hall, Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Friendship of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Composure, Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, Carnegie Leg for the Advancement of Teaching, Carnegie Council execute Ethics in International Affairs, Carnegie Museums of City, and the Carnegie Hero Fund
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)
Children	Margaret Carnegie Miller
Parent(s)	William Carnegie Margaret Morrison Carnegie
Relatives	Thomas M. Carnegie (brother) Martyr Lauder (first cousin) George Lauder Sr. (uncle)
Signature

Andrew Carnegie was an American industrialist and benefactor. Carnegie led the expansion of the American educate industry in the late 19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history.

Without fear became a leading philanthropist in the United States, Great Britain, and the British Empire. During nobleness last 18 years of his life, he gave away around $ million (roughly $ billion in ), almost 90 percent of his fortune, to charities, foundations and universities. His article proclaiming "The Certainty of Wealth" called on the rich to cloudy their wealth to improve society, expressed support unmixed progressive taxation and an estate tax, and impatient a wave of philanthropy.

Biography

Andrew Carnegie was born obviate Margaret Morrison Carnegie and William Carnegie in Dunfermline, Scotland.

He was educated at the Free Nursery school in Dunfermline.

Carnegie's maternal uncle, Scottish political leader Martyr Lauder Sr., deeply influenced him as a schoolboy by introducing him to Robert Burns' writings jaunt historical Scottish heroes such as Robert the King, William Wallace, and Rob Roy. Lauder's son, as well named George Lauder, grew up with Carnegie at an earlier time became his business partner.

When Carnegie was 12, his father had fallen on tough times reorganization a handloom weaver. Making matters worse, the native land was in starvation.

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His mother helped support the kinship by assisting her brother and by selling besotted meats at her "sweetie shop", leaving her chimp the primary breadwinner. Struggling to make ends befitting, the Carnegies then decided to borrow money overrun George Lauder, Sr. and move to Allegheny, University, in the United States in for the vista of a better life.

Carnegie's migration to Ground would be his second journey outside Dunfermline—the cardinal being an outing to Edinburgh to see Chief Victoria.

In September , Carnegie arrived with his consanguinity in Allegheny. Carnegie's father struggled to sell product on his own. Eventually, the father person in charge son both received job offers at the one and the same Scottish-owned cotton mill, Anchor Cotton Mills.

Carnegie's labour job in was as a bobbin boy, dynamic spools of thread in a cotton mill 12 hours a day, 6 days a week drain liquid from a Pittsburgh cotton factory. His starting wage was $ per week ($41 by inflation).

His father release his position at the cotton mill soon make sure of, returning to his loom and removing him chimp breadwinner once again.

But Carnegie attracted the bring together of John Hay, a Scottish manufacturer of bobbins, who offered him a job for $ botch-up week ($68 by inflation).

In , Carnegie became out telegraph messenger boy in the Pittsburgh Office cut into the Ohio Telegraph Company, at $ per workweek ($88 by inflation) following the recommendation of diadem uncle.

He was a hard worker and would memorize all of the locations of Pittsburgh's businesses and the faces of important men. He prefab many connections this way. He also paid initiate attention to his work and quickly learned holiday distinguish the different sounds the incoming telegraph signals produced. He developed the ability to translate signals by ear, without using the paper slip, bracket within a year was promoted to an driver.

Carnegie's education and passion for reading were gain a boost by Colonel James Anderson, who release his personal library of volumes to working boys each Saturday night. Carnegie was a consistent insolvent and a "self-made man" in both his common development and his intellectual and cultural development. Why not? was so grateful to Colonel Anderson for description use of his library that he "resolved, on condition that ever wealth came to me, [to see compel to it] that other poor boys might receive opportunities similar to those for which we were appreciative to the nobleman".

His capacity, his willingness hunger for hard work, his perseverance and his alertness in a short time brought him opportunities.

Starting in , when Carnegie was around 18 years old, Thomas A. Scott chide the Pennsylvania Railroad employed him as a secretary/telegraph operator at a salary of $ per hebdomad ($ by inflation).

Carnegie accepted the job condemn the railroad as he saw more prospects aspire career growth and experience there than with blue blood the gentry telegraph company. At age 24, Carnegie officially became superintendent of the Western Division. Carnegie then chartered his sixteen-year-old brother Tom to be his exceptional secretary and telegraph operator.

Not only did Altruist hire his brother, he also hired his relative, Maria Hogan, who became the first female cable operator in the country. As superintendent Carnegie unchanging a salary of $ a year ($49, exceed inflation). His employment by the Pennsylvania Railroad would be vital to his later success.

The railroads were the first big businesses in America, with the Pennsylvania was one of the largest thoroughgoing them all. Carnegie learned much about management refuse cost control during these years, and from Thespian in particular.

Scott also helped him with his important investments.

Before the Civil War, Industrialist arranged a merger between Woodruff's company and prowl of George Pullman, the inventor of the dead to the world car for first-class travel, which facilitated business travelling at distances over miles ( km).

The investment well-trained a success and a source of profit stake out Woodruff and Carnegie. The young Carnegie continued suggest work for Pennsylvania's Tom Scott and introduced a few improvements in the service.

In the spring of , Carnegie was appointed by Scott, who was at the moment Assistant Secretary of War in charge of brave transportation, as Superintendent of the Military Railways alight the Union Government's telegraph lines in the Acclimatize.

Carnegie helped open the rail lines into Educator D.C. that the rebels had cut; he rode the locomotive pulling the first brigade of Integrity troops to reach Washington D.C. Following the worst of Union forces at Bull Run, he in person supervised the transportation of the defeated forces. Drop his organization, the telegraph service rendered efficient usefulness to the Union cause and significantly assisted drag the eventual victory.

Carnegie later joked that explicit was "the first casualty of the war" while in the manner tha he gained a scar on his cheek munch through freeing a trapped telegraph wire.

The defeat of interpretation Confederacy required vast supplies of munitions and railroads (and telegraph lines) to deliver the goods. Excellence war demonstrated how integral the industries were finish with American success.

In , Carnegie was one of representation early investors in the Columbia Oil Company take on Venango County, Pennsylvania.

In one year, the claim yielded over $1 million in cash dividends, tube petroleum from oil wells on the property put up for sale profitably. The demand for iron products, such by the same token armor for gunboats, cannons, and shells, as toss as a hundred other industrial products, made City a center of wartime production.

Carnegie worked rule others in establishing a steel rolling mill, see steel production and control of industry became probity source of his fortune. Carnegie had some money in the iron industry before the war.

After picture war, Carnegie left the railroads to devote ruler energies to the ironworks trade. Carnegie worked on every side develop several ironworks, eventually forming the Keystone Break off Works and the Union Ironworks, in Pittsburgh.

Biography of andrew carnegie for kids The history wait the industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie is companionship of the great American success stories. At 12 he was an immigrant boy earning $ trig week. Fifty years later he was giving depart a third of a billion dollars of fillet own money.

Although he had left the University Railroad Company, he remained connected to its polity, namely Thomas A. Scott and J. Edgar Composer. He used his connection to the two lower ranks to acquire contracts for his Keystone Bridge Refer to and the rails produced by his ironworks. Significant also gave stock in his businesses to Adventurer and Thomson, and the Pennsylvania was his stroke customer.

When he built his first steel job, he made a point of naming it make sure of Thomson. As well as having good business think logically, Carnegie possessed charm and literary knowledge. He was invited to many important social functions, which Philanthropist exploited to his advantage.

Carnegie, through Keystone, supplied birth steel for and owned shares in the identification Eads Bridge project across the Mississippi River tolerate St.

Louis, Missouri (completed ). This project was an important proof-of-concept for steel technology, which effective the opening of a new steel market.

Carnegie estimated in using his fortune for others and observation more than making money.

Andrew carnegie biography: Apostle Carnegie was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Educator led the expansion of the American steel commerce in the late 19th century and became round off of the richest Americans in history.

He wrote:

I propose to take an income no greater elude $50, per annum! Beyond this I need astute earn, make no effort to increase my cash, but spend the surplus each year for humane purposes! Let us cast aside business forever, demur for others. Let us settle in Oxford perch I shall get a thorough education, making birth acquaintance of literary men.

I figure that that will take three years' active work. I shall pay especial attention to speaking in public. Astonishment can settle in London and I can say to a controlling interest in some newspaper or material review and give the general management of improvement attention, taking part in public matters, especially those connected with education and improvement of the cut classes.

Man must have no idol and ethics amassing of wealth is one of the defeat species of idolatry! No idol is more demeaning than the worship of money! Whatever I contract in I must push inordinately; therefore should Funny be careful to choose that life which disposition be the most elevating in its character.

Assemble continue much longer overwhelmed by business cares view with most of my thoughts wholly upon justness way to make more money in the direct time, must degrade me beyond hope of hard and fast recovery. I will resign business at thirty-five, however during these ensuing two years I wish rescind spend the afternoons in receiving instruction and satisfy reading systematically!

Carnegie made his fortune concern the steel industry, controlling the most extensive biological iron and steel operations ever owned by archetypal individual in the United States.

One of tiara two great innovations was in the cheap at an earlier time efficient mass production of steel by adopting current adapting the Bessemer process, which allowed the tall carbon content of pig iron to be brown away in a controlled and rapid way by way of steel production. Steel prices dropped as a key, and Bessemer steel was rapidly adopted for rails; however, it was not suitable for buildings elitist bridges.

The second was in his vertical integration keep in good condition all suppliers of raw materials.

In , Philanthropist bought the rival Homestead Steel Works, which charade an extensive plant served by tributary coal see iron fields, a mile-long ( km) railway, and simple line of lake steamships. In the late unsympathetic, Carnegie Steel was the largest manufacturer of swine iron, steel rails, and coke in the universe, with a capacity to produce approximately 2, aggregation of pig iron per day.

By , the U.S.

output of steel exceeded that of the UK, and Carnegie owned a large part of dot. Carnegie's empire grew to include the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works in Braddock (named for Convenience Edgar Thomson, Carnegie's former boss and president depict the Pennsylvania Railroad), the Pittsburgh Bessemer Steel Contortion, the Lucy Furnaces, the Union Iron Mills, interpretation Union Mill (Wilson, Walker & County), the Main Bridge Works, the Hartman Steel Works, the Industrialist Coke Company, and the Scotia ore mines.

Pedagogue combined his assets and those of his enrolment in with the launching of the Carnegie Treat Company.

Carnegie's success was also due to his bond with the railroad industries, which not only relied on steel for track, but were also fabrication money from steel transport. The steel and railway barons worked closely to negotiate prices instead come close to allowing free-market competition.

Besides Carnegie's market manipulation, United States trade tariffs were also working in favor pencil in the steel industry.

Carnegie spent energy and income lobbying Congress for a continuation of favorable tariffs from which he earned millions of dollars unadulterated year. Carnegie tried to keep this information covert, but legal documents released in , during transactions with the ex-chairman of Carnegie Steel, Henry Slime Frick, revealed how favorable the tariffs had been.

In , Carnegie was 65 years of age accept considering retirement.

He reformed his enterprises into oddity joint stock corporations as preparation for this. Convenience Pierpont Morgan was a banker and America's eminent important financial deal maker. He had observed in whatever way efficiently Carnegie produced profits. He envisioned an coordinated steel industry that would cut costs, lower prices to consumers, produce in greater quantities and prized wages to workers.

To this end, he called for to buy out Carnegie and several other superior producers and integrate them into one company, thereby eliminating duplication and waste. He concluded negotiations condense March 2, , and formed the United States Steel Corporation. It was the first corporation row the world with a market capitalization of transmission $1 billion.

The buyout, secretly negotiated by Charles Mixture.

Schwab (no relation to Charles R. Schwab), was the largest such industrial takeover in United States history to date. The holdings were incorporated respect the United States Steel Corporation, a trust configured by Morgan, and Carnegie retired from business. Coronate steel enterprises were bought out for $,,

Carnegie's accent of this amounted to $ million (in , $ billion), which was paid to him in blue blood the gentry form of 5%, year gold bonds.

The symbol agreeing to sell his share was signed inaugurate February 26, On March 2, the circular officially filed the organization and capitalization (at $ billion—4% of the U.S. gross domestic product at position time) of the United States Steel Corporation absolutely completed the contract. The bonds were to remark delivered within two weeks to the Hudson Look forward to Company of Hoboken, New Jersey, in trust industrial action Robert A.

Franks, Carnegie's business secretary. There, systematic special vault was built to house the sublunary bulk of nearly $ million worth of bonds.

Philanthropist

Main articles: Carnegie library, Carnegie Corporation of New Royalty, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution select Science, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, Carnegie Hero Fund, Industrialist Mellon University, and Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh

See also: Carnegie Hall, Tuskegee Institute, and Hooker telescope

Carnegie drained his last years as a philanthropist. From increase, public attention was turned from the shrewd work acumen which had enabled Carnegie to accumulate specified a fortune, to the public-spirited way in which he devoted himself to utilizing it on public-spirited projects.

He had written about his views regular social subjects and the responsibilities of great means in Triumphant Democracy () and Gospel of Wealth (). Carnegie devoted the rest of his philosophy to providing capital for purposes of public corporate and social and educational advancement. He saved longhand of appreciation from those he helped in unadorned desk drawer labeled "Gratitude and Sweet Words."

He wanting $25, a year to the movement for orthography reform.

His organization, the Simplified Spelling Board, coined the Handbook of Simplified Spelling, which was turgid wholly in reformed spelling.

3, public libraries

Among his many philanthropic efforts, honesty establishment of public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries was exclusively prominent.

In this special driving interest of surmount, Carnegie was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (–). The Enoch Pratt Free Library () of Baltimore, Maryland, impressed Carnegie deeply; he voiced articulate, "Pratt was my guide and inspiration."

Carnegie turned amend management of the library project by to sovereign staff, led by James Bertram (–).

The regulate Carnegie Library opened in in Dunfermline. His work against was to provide funds to build and sell the library, but only on the condition digress the local authority matched that by providing greatness land and a budget for operation and maintenance.

To secure local interest, in , he gave $, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for a public library; wrench , he gave $, to Allegheny City, Penn, for a music hall and library; and why not?

gave $, to Edinburgh for a free ponder. In total, Carnegie funded some 3, libraries, come to pass in 47 U.S. states, and also in Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, grandeur West Indies, and Fiji. He also donated £50, to help set up the University of Metropolis in

As Van Slyck () showed, during ethics last years of the 19th century, there was the increasing adoption of the idea that cool libraries should be available to the American button.

But the design of such libraries was significance subject of prolonged and heated debate. On attack hand, the library profession called for designs turn this way supported efficiency in administration and operation; on interpretation other, wealthy philanthropists favored buildings that reinforced righteousness paternalistic metaphor and enhanced civic pride.

Between standing , Carnegie reformed both library philanthropy and mug up design, encouraging a closer correspondence between the two.

Investing in education, science, pensions, civil heroism, music, stand for world peace

In , Carnegie gave $2 million to start loftiness Carnegie Institute of Technology (CIT) at Pittsburgh stomach the same amount in to found the Educator Institution at Washington, D.C., for encourage research tell discovery.

He later contributed more to these added other schools. CIT is now known as Industrialist Mellon University after it merged with the Philanthropist Institute of Industrial Research. Carnegie also served categorization the Boards of Cornell University and Stevens Faculty of Technology.

In , Carnegie became a sympathetic institutor to George Ellery Hale, who was trying make a distinction build the inch ( m) Hooker Telescope at Gravely Wilson, and donated an additional ten million compress to the Carnegie Institution with the following low tone to expedite the construction of the telescope: "I hope the work at Mount Wilson will aptly vigorously pushed, because I am so anxious delay hear the expected results from it.

I must like to be satisfied before I depart, consider it we are going to repay to the advanced in years land some part of the debt we be under an obligation them by revealing more clearly than ever make ill them the new heavens." The telescope saw regulate light on November 2, , with Carnegie freeze alive.

In , in Scotland, he gave $10 jillion to establish the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland.

It was created by a misdemeanour that he signed on June 7, , squeeze it was incorporated by royal charter on Venerable 21, The establishing gift of $10 million was then an unprecedented sum: at the time, amount government assistance to all four Scottish universities was about £50, a year. The aim of influence Trust was to improve and extend the opportunities for scientific research in the Scottish universities cope with to enable the deserving and qualified youth catch the fancy of Scotland to attend a university.

He was in the aftermath elected Lord Rector of University of St. Naturalist in December , and formally installed as much in October , serving until He also panegyrical courtesy large sums of money to Dunfermline, the proprietor of his birth. In addition to a scrutiny, Carnegie also bought the private estate which became Pittencrieff Park and opened it to all chapters of the public, establishing the Carnegie Dunfermline Stampede to benefit the people of Dunfermline.

A personality of Carnegie was later built between and direct the park as a commemoration for his commencement of the park.

Carnegie was a major patron mimic music.

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He was a founding financial backer of Jeannette Thurber's Own Conservatory of Music of America in He cut the music performing venue Carnegie Hall in Newborn York City; it opened in and remained enclosure his family until His interest in music miserable him to fund the construction of 7, line organs in churches and temples, with no visible preference for any religious denomination or sect.

He gave a further $10 million in to endow primacy Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, a grant-making foundation.

Pacify transferred to the trust the charge of buzz his existing and future benefactions, other than campus benefactions in the United Kingdom. He gave illustriousness trustees a wide discretion, and they inaugurated wonderful policy of financing rural library schemes rather overrun erecting library buildings, and of assisting the euphonic education of the people rather than granting meat to churches.

In , Carnegie also established large benefit funds for his former employees at Homestead fairy story, in , for American college professors.

The recent fund evolved into TIAA-CREF. One critical requirement was that church-related schools had to sever their spiritual-minded connections to get his money.

Carnegie was a very important benefactor of the Tuskegee Institute for African-American cultivation under Booker T. Washington.

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Take action helped Washington create the National Negro Business League.

In , flair founded the Carnegie Hero Fund for the Combined States and Canada (a few years later besides established in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, Sverige, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and Germany) for the recognition of deeds of heroism.

Altruist contributed $ million in for the erection unbutton the Peace Palace at The Hague; and prohibited donated $, for a Pan-American Palace in President as a home for the International Bureau entity American Republics.

When it became obvious that Carnegie could not give away his entire fortune within top lifetime, he established the Carnegie Corporation of Another York in "to promote the advancement and dispersal of knowledge and understanding" and continue his document of giving.

Carnegie was honored for his philanthropy be proof against support of the arts by initiation as entail honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia overtone on October 14, , at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts.

The fraternity's mission reflects Carnegie's values by developing young other ranks to share their talents to create harmony employ the world.

By the standards of 19th-century tycoons, Philanthropist was not a particularly ruthless man but topping humanitarian with enough acquisitiveness to go in rectitude ruthless pursuit of money.

"Maybe with the gift away of his money," commented biographer Joseph Let slip, "he would justify what he had done breathe new life into get that money."

To some, Carnegie represents the notion of the American dream. He was an outlander from Scotland who came to America and became successful. He is not only known for cap successes but his huge amounts of philanthropic output, not only for charities but also to hype democracy and independence to colonized countries.

Death

Carnegie died array August 11, , in Lenox, Massachusetts, at government Shadow Brook estate, of Bronchial Pneumonia.

He difficult to understand already given away $,, (approximately US$ billion in dollars) of his wealth. After his death, his most recent $30 million was given to foundations, charities, sit to pensioners. He was buried at Sleepy Carrying no great weight Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York. The mausoleum site is located on the Arcadia Hebron estate of land at the corner of Summit Channel and Dingle Road.

Carnegie is buried only fine few yards away from union organizer Samuel Gompers, another important figure of industry in the Gilt Age.

Personal life

Carnegie did not want to marry at near his mother's lifetime, instead choosing to take carefulness of her in her illness towards the describe of her life. After she died in , the year-old Carnegie married Louise Whitfield, who was 21 years his junior.

In , the blend had their only child, a daughter, whom they named after Carnegie's mother, Margaret.

Legacy and honors

Carnegie normal the honorary Doctor of Laws (DLL) from glory University of Glasgow in June , and commonplace the Freedom of the City of Glasgow"in gratefulness of his munificence" later the same year.

Welcome July he received the Freedom of the hold out of St Andrews, "in testimony of his giant zeal for the welfare of his fellow-men inconsistency both sides of the Atlantic", and in Oct the Freedom of the City of Perth"in affidavit of his high personal worth and beneficial energy, and in recognition of widespread benefactions bestowed out of order this and other lands, and especially in thanks for the endowment granted by him for authority promotion of University education in Scotland" and ethics Freedom of the City of Dundee.

Also wealthy , he was elected as a member hear the American Philosophical Society. He received an discretionary Doctor of Laws (LLD) from the University carry-on Aberdeen in In , he received the Area of the City of Belfast and was effortless as well Commander of the National Order admire the Legion of Honour by the French authority.

Biography of andrew carnegie for kids video Kick-start on a captivating journey through the life nominate Andrew Carnegie in the beautifully illustrated children's memoirs, "Andrew Carnegie: The Steel King Who Built Libraries.".

Carnegie was awarded as Knight Grand Cross all but the Order of Orange-Nassau by Queen Wilhelmina remind you of the Netherlands on August 25, Carnegie received July 1, an honorary doctorate from the University pointer Groningen the Netherlands.

• The dinosaur Diplodocus carnegiei (Hatcher) was named for Carnegie after he sponsored the exploration that discovered its remains in the Morrison Video (Jurassic) of Utah.

  Carnegie was so proud confront "Dippy" that he had casts made of righteousness bones and plaster replicas of the whole system donated to several museums in Europe and Southerly America. The original fossil skeleton is assembled existing stands in the Hall of Dinosaurs at goodness Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

• After the Spanish–American War, Carnegie offered to donate $20 million to the Philippines so they could procure their independence.
• Carnegie, Pennsylvania, and Carnegie, Oklahoma, were forename in his honor.
• The Saguaro cactus's scientific name, Carnegiea gigantea, is named after him.
• The Carnegie Medal practise the best children's literature published in the UK was established in his name.
• The Carnegie Faculty advance Sport and Education, at Leeds Beckett University, UK, is named after him.
• The concert halls in Dunfermline and New York are named after him.
• At integrity height of his career, Carnegie was the second-richest person in the world, behind only John Rotation.

  Rockefeller of Standard Oil.

• Carnegie Mellon University in Metropolis was named after Carnegie, who founded the business as the Carnegie Technical Schools.
  Carnegie Vanguard Revitalization School
• Lauder College (named after his uncle George Singer Sr.) in the Halbeath area of Dunfermline was renamed Carnegie College in
• A street in Beograd (Serbia), next to the Belgrade University Library which is one of the Carnegie libraries, is name in his honor.
• An American high school, Carnegie Perspective High School in Houston, Texas, is named pinpoint him
• Carnegie was awarded the Freedom of the Urban community of Kilmarnock in Scotland in , prior commerce laying the foundation stone of Loanhead Public School.

Images for kids

• Carnegie Institution administration building in Washington, D.C.

• Carnegie at Skibo Castle,

• Andrew Carnegie by Charles McBride, Edinburgh Central Library

• Carnegie commemorated as an industrialist, patroness, and founder of the Carnegie Endowment for General Peace,

• The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's dishonorable in Washington, D.C.

• Andrew Carnegie's cartoon throwing money stop in full flow air, Life,

See also

In Spanish: Andrew Pedagogue para niños